Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., hemos recibido de la Agencia Espacial NASA la información recordando el primer vuelo del Transbordador Espacial Columbia o más conocido como Misión STS-1, que fue le inicio de una nueva eraen la navegación espacial; el vuelo espacial comenzó el 12 de abril de 1981, cuando el Transbordador Espacial Colombia, o STS-1, se elevó en la órbita desde El Centro espacial Kennedy de la NASA en Florida.
Fue comandada la misión por el astronauta John Young, un veterano de cuatro vuelos espaciales anteriores incluyendo un paseo sobre la luna en 1972, Robert Crippen de piloto de pruebas navales, quien pilotó la misión y continuaría a mandar tres futuras misiones de lanzadera. La lanzadera era la primera nave espacial reutilizable del género humano. El orbitador lanzaría como un cohete y la tierra como un avión. Los dos elevadores de cohete sólidos que ayudaron a empujarlos en el espacio también serían reutilizados, después del recuperar en el océano. Sólo el depósito de combustible masivo externo se quemaría encima de como esto perdió terreno a la Tierra. Todos lo sabían como el Sistema de Transporte Espacial.
Veinte años antes del lanzamiento histórico, el 12 de abril de 1961, la era de vuelos espaciales humanos comenzaron cuando el Cosmonauta ruso Yuri Gagarin se hizo el primer humano a la órbita la Tierra en su nava espacial Vostok I capsule . El vuelo duró 108 minutos.
Les invito a leer en amplitud la información original de la NASA en inglés........
NASA_logo.svg (SVG file, nominally 300 × 255 pixels, file size: 14 KB)
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Wikipedia.
John W. Young (Captain, USN Ret.)
NASA Astronaut (Former)
NASA Astronaut (Former)
PERSONAL DATA: Born September 24, 1930, in San
Francisco, California. Married to the former Susy Feldman of St. Louis,
Missouri. Two children, three grandchildren. Enjoys wind surfing,
bicycling, reading, and gardening.
EDUCATION: Graduated from Orlando High School,
Orlando, Florida; received a bachelor of science degree in aeronautical
engineering with highest honors from Georgia Institute of Technology in
1952.
ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical
Society (AAS), the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), and the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).
SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Congressional Space
Medal of Honor (1981), 4 NASA Distinguished Service Medals, NASA
Outstanding Leadership Medal (1992), NASA Exceptional Engineering
Achievement Medal (1987), NASA Outstanding Achievement Medal (1994),
Navy Astronaut Wings (1965), 2 Navy Distinguished Service Medals, 3 Navy
Distinguished Flying Crosses, the Georgia Tech Distinguished Young
Alumni Award (1965), Distinguished Service Alumni Award (1972), the
Exceptional Engineering Achievement Award (1985), the Academy of
Distinguished Engineering Alumni (1994), and the American Astronautical
Society Space Flight Award (1993), Distinguished Executive Award (1998),
Rotary National Space Achievement Award (2000). Inducted into 6
Aviation and Astronaut Halls of Fame. Recipient of more than 80 other
major awards, including 6 honorary doctorate degrees.
NAVY EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation
from Georgia Tech, Young entered the United States Navy. After serving
on the west coast destroyer USS LAWS (DD-558) in the Korean War, he was
sent to flight training. He was then assigned to Fighter Squadron 103
for 4 years, flying Cougars and Crusaders.
After test pilot training at the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in 1959,
he was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center for 3 years. His test
projects included evaluations of the Crusader and Phantom fighter
weapons systems. In 1962, he set world time-to-climb records to
3,000-meter and 25,000-meter altitudes in the Phantom. Prior to
reporting to NASA, he was maintenance officer of Phantom Fighter
Squadron 143. Young retired from the Navy as a Captain in September
1976, after completing 25 years of active military service.
NASA EXPERIENCE: In September 1962, Young was
selected as an astronaut. He is the first person to fly in space six
times from earth, and seven times counting his lunar liftoff. The first
flight was with Gus Grissom in Gemini 3, the first manned Gemini
mission, on March 23, 1965. This was a complete end-to-end test of the
Gemini spacecraft, during which Gus accomplished the first manual change
of orbit altitude and plane and the first lifting reentry, and Young
operated the first computer on a manned spacecraft. On Gemini 10, July
18-21, 1966, Young, as Commander, and Mike Collins, as Pilot, completed a
dual rendezvous with two separate Agena target vehicles. While Young
flew close formation on the second Agena, Mike Collins did an
extravehicular transfer to retrieve a micro meteorite detector from that
Agena. On his third flight, May 18-26, 1969, Young was Command Module
Pilot of Apollo 10. Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan were also on this
mission which orbited the Moon, completed a lunar rendezvous, and
tracked proposed lunar landing sites. His fourth space flight, Apollo
16, April 16-27, 1972, was a lunar exploration mission, with Young as
Spacecraft Commander, and Ken Mattingly and Charlie Duke. Young and Duke
set up scientific equipment and explored the lunar highlands at
Descartes. They collected 200 pounds of rocks and drove over 16 miles in
the lunar rover on three separate geology traverses.
Young’s fifth flight was as Spacecraft Commander of STS-1, the first
flight of the Space Shuttle, April 12-14, 1981, with Bob Crippen as
Pilot. The 54-1/2 hour, 36-orbit mission verified Space Shuttle systems
performance during launch, on orbit, and entry. Tests of the Orbiter
Columbia included evaluation of mechanical systems including the payload
bay doors, the attitude and maneuvering rocket thrusters, guidance and
navigation systems, and Orbiter/crew compatibility. One hundred and
thirty three of the mission’s flight test objectives were accomplished.
The Orbiter Columbia was the first manned spaceship tested during
ascent, on orbit, and entry without
Young’s sixth flight was as Spacecraft Commander of STS-9, the first
Spacelab mission, November 28-December 8, 1983, with Pilot Brewster
Shaw, Mission Specialists Bob Parker and Owen Garriott, and Payload
Specialists Byron Lichtenberg of the USA and Ulf Merbold of West
Germany. The mission successfully completed all 94 of its flight test
objectives. For ten days the 6-man crew worked 12-hour shifts
around-the-clock, performing more than 70 experiments in the fields of
atmospheric physics, Earth observations, space plasma physics, astronomy
and solar physics, materials processing and life sciences. The mission
returned more scientific and technical data than all the previous Apollo
and Skylab missions put together. The Spacelab was brought back for
re-use, so that Columbia weighed over 110 tons as Young landed the
spaceship at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Young was also on five backup space flight crews: backup pilot in
Gemini 6, backup command module pilot for the second Apollo mission
(before the Apollo Program fire) and Apollo 7, and backup spacecraft
commander for Apollo 13 and 17. In preparation for prime and backup crew
positions on eleven space flights, Young has put more than 15,000 hours
into training so far, mostly in simulators and simulations.
He has logged more than 15,275 hours flying time in props, jets,
helicopters, rocket jets, more than 9,200 hours in T-38s, and six space
flights of 835 hours.
In January 1973, Young was made Chief of the Space Shuttle Branch of
the Astronaut Office, providing operational and engineering astronaut
support for the design and development of the Space Shuttle. In January
1974, he was selected to be Chief of the Astronaut Office, with
responsibility for the coordination, scheduling, and control of
activities of the astronauts. Young served as Chief of the Astronaut
Office until May 1987. During his tenure, astronaut flight crews
participated in the Apollo-Soyuz joint American-Russian docking mission,
the Space Shuttle Orbiter Approach and Landing Test Program, and 25
Space Shuttle missions. From May 1987 to February 1996, Young served as
Special Assistant to the Director of JSC for Engineering, Operations,
and Safety. In that position, he had direct access to the Center
Director and other senior managers in defining and resolving issues
affecting the continued safe operation of the Space Shuttle.
Additionally, he assisted the Center Director in providing advice and
counsel on engineering, operational, and safety matters related to the
Space Station, Shuttle upgrades, and advanced human Space Exploration
Programs, back to the Moon and on to Mars.
In February 1996 Young was assigned as Associate Director
(Technical), responsible for technical, operational and safety oversight
of all Agency Programs and activities assigned to the Johnson Space
Center. On December 31, 2004 Young retired from NASA. He continues to
advocate the development of the technologies that will allow us to live
and work on the Moon and Mars. Those technologies over the long (or
short) haul will save civilization on Earth.
AUGUST 2010
This is the only version available from NASA. Updates must be sought direct from the above named individual.
NASA.
Robert_Crippen.jpg (475 × 600 pixels, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Wikipedia.
Robert L. Crippen (Captain, USN, Ret.)
NASA Astronaut (former)
NASA Astronaut (former)
PERSONAL DATA: Born in Beaumont, Texas, on
September 11, 1937. Married to the former Pandora Lee Puckett of Miami,
Florida. Three grown daughters.
EDUCATION: Graduated from New Caney High School in
Caney, Texas; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace
Engineering from the University of Texas in 1960.
ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics; American Astronautical Society; and
Society of Experimental Test Pilots.
SPECIAL HONORS: NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal
(1988); Distinguished Service Medals (1985, 1988, 1993); U.S. Navy
Distinguished Flying Cross (1984); Defense Meritorious Service Medal
(1984); Federal Aviation Administration's Award for Distinguished
Service (1982), Goddard Memorial Trophy (1982), Harmon Trophy (1982);
NASA Space Flight Medals (1981, 1983, and 2 in 1984); NASA Distinguished
Service Medal (1981), Department of Defense Distinguished Service Award
(1981); American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award (1981);
National Geographic Society's Gardiner Greene Hubbard Medal (1981);
Aviation Hall of Fame 1981 Al J. Engel Ward; American Legion's
Distinguished Service Medal (1981), Society of Experimental Test Pilots
Ivan C. Kincheloe Award (1981); NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1972).
EXPERIENCE: Crippen received his commission through
the Navy's Aviation Officer Program at Pensacola, Florida, which he
entered after graduation from the University of Texas. He continued his
flight training at Whiting Field, Florida, and went from there to Chase
Field in Beeville, Texas, where he received his wings. From June 1962
to November 1964, he was assigned to Fleet Squadron VA-72--completing 2
1/2 years of duty as an attack pilot aboard the aircraft carrier USS
INDEPENDENCE. He later attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School
at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and upon graduation, remained
there as an instructor until his selection in October 1966 to the USAF
Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program. Crippen was among the second group
of aerospace research pilots to be assigned to the MOL program.
He has logged more than 6,500 hour flying time, which includes more than 5,500 hours in jet aircraft.
NASA EXPERIENCE: Crippen became a NASA astronaut in
September 1969. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the
Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions, and served in this same capacity for the
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, which was completed
successfully in July 1975. He served as pilot on STS-1 (April 12-14,
1981), and was the spacecraft commander on STS-7 (June 18-24, 1983),
STS-41C (April 6-13, 1984) and STS-41G (October 5-13, 1984). A four
flight veteran, Crippen has logged over 565 hours in space, orbited the
earth 374 times and traveled over 9.4 million miles. Positions held
include: 1986-1989 deputy director, Shuttle Operations, for NASA
Headquarters at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, responsible for final
Shuttle preparation, mission execution, and return of the orbiter to KSC
after landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California; 1990-1992 served
as director, Space Shuttle, at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C.,
where he presided over the overall Shuttle program requirements and
performance, and total program control including budget, schedule, and
program content. 1992-1995 he managed Kennedy Space Center processing,
launch, and recovery of Space Shuttle missions, ending a 21 year NASA
career in January 1995 as the Director of the Kennedy Space Center. He
next served as vice president of Training Simulation Systems at Lockheed
Martin Information Systems. In December 1996 he became President of the
Thiokol Propulsion Group, Brigham City, Utah. This newly established
Group was composed of three divisions, Space Operations, Defense and
Launch Vehicles, and Science and Engineering. Crippen retired in April
2001 as President of Thiokol Propulsion.
SPACE FLIGHT EXPERIENCE: STS-1 (April 12-14, 1981)
was the first orbital test flight of the Shuttle Columbia, the first
true manned spaceship. It was also the first manned vehicle to be flown
into orbit without benefit of previous unmanned "orbital" testing; the
first to launch with wings using solid rocket boosters. It was also the
first winged reentry vehicle to return to a conventional runway landing,
weighing more than 99-tons as it was braked to a stop on the dry
lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Mission duration was 54
hours, 20 minutes, 53 1 seconds
STS-7 (June 18-24, 1983) was the second flight for the Orbiter
Challenger. This was also the first mission with a 5-person crew. During
the 6-day flight the crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2) and
Indonesia (PALAPA B-1); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator
System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with
the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-01); conducted the first formation
flying of the orbiter with a free-flying satellite (SPAS-02); carried
and operated the first U.S./German cooperative materials science payload
(OSTA-2); and operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System
(CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) experiments, in addition
to activating seven Getaway Specials. Mission duration was 146 hours,
23 minutes, 59 seconds.
STS-41C (April 6-13, 1984) was a 7-day mission during which the crew
successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF);
retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it on-board the
orbiting Challenger, and replaced it in orbit using the robot arm called
the Remote Manipulator System (RMS); flight tested the Manned
Manneuvering Units (MMU's) in two extravehicular activities (EVA's); as
well as operating the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems, and a Bee Hive
Honeycomb Structures student experiment. Mission duration was 167
hours, 40 minutes, 07 seconds.
STS-41G (October 5-13, 1984) was the first mission with a 7-person
crew. During the 8-day flight the crew deployed the Earth Radiation
Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the earth with
the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, as well as demonstrating
potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine
transfer. Mission duration was 197 hours, 23 minutes, 37 seconds and
concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
JULY 2001
This is the only version available from NASA. Updates must be sought direct from the above named individual.
NASA
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First Appearance
Space shuttle Enterprise made its first
appearance mated to supportive propellant containers/boosters cluster,
as it was rolled from the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space
Center en route to the launch pad, some 3.5 miles away, on May 1, 1979.
Enterprise underwent several weeks of fit and function checks on the pad
in preparation for STS-1, on which its sister craft Columbia took
astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen into space for a 54-hour test mission.
Image Credit: NASA
Image Credit: NASA
First Shuttle Launch
A new era in space flight began on April 12, 1981, when Space Shuttle Columbia, or STS-1, soared into orbit from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.Astronaut John Young, a veteran of four previous spaceflights including a walk on the moon in 1972, commanded the mission. Navy test pilot Bob Crippen piloted the mission and would go on to command three future shuttle missions. The shuttle was humankind's first re-usable spacecraft. The orbiter would launch like a rocket and land like a plane. The two solid rocket boosters that helped push them into space would also be re-used, after being recovered in the ocean. Only the massive external fuel tank would burn up as it fell back to Earth. It was all known as the Space Transportation System.
Twenty years prior to the historic launch, on April 12, 1961, the era of human spaceflight began when Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth in his Vostock I spacecraft. The flight lasted 108 minutes.
Pictured here: a timed exposure of STS-1, at Launch Pad A, Complex 39, turns the space vehicle and support facilities into a night- time fantasy of light. Structures to the left of the shuttle are the fixed and the rotating service structure.
Image Credit: NASA
STS-1
Mission: First Shuttle Mission/Shuttle Systems Test Flight
Space Shuttle: Columbia
Launch Pad: 39A
Launched: April 12, 1981 at 7:00:03 a.m. EST
Launch Weight: 219,258 pounds
Landing Site: Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.
Landing: April 14, 1981 at 10:20:57 a.m. PST
Runway: 23
Rollout Distance: 8,993 feet
Rollout Time: 60 seconds
Revolution: 37
Mission Duration: 2 days, 6 hours, 20 minutes, and 53 seconds
Returned to KSC: April 28, 1981
Orbit Altitude: 166 nautical miles
Orbit Inclination: 40.3 degrees
Miles Traveled: 1.074 million
Crew Members
Image above: STS-1 Crew photo with Commander John W. Young on the left and Pilot Robert L. Crippen on the right. Image Credit: NASA
Mission Objectives
Demonstrate safe launch into orbit and safe return of the orbiter and
crew. Verify the combined performance of the entire shuttle vehicle -
orbiter, solid rocket boosters and external tank.
Payloads included the Developmental Flight Instrumentation (DFI) and the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identifications Package (ACIP) pallet containing equipment for recording temperatures, pressures and acceleration levels at various points on the vehicle.
Mission Highlights
Major systems tested successfully on first flight of Space Transportation System. Orbiter sustained tile damage on launch and from overpressure wave created by the solid rocket boosters. Subsequent modifications to the water sound suppression system eliminated the problem. A total of sixteen tiles were lost and 148 tiles were damaged.
+ View Press Kit
Space Shuttle: Columbia
Launch Pad: 39A
Launched: April 12, 1981 at 7:00:03 a.m. EST
Launch Weight: 219,258 pounds
Landing Site: Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.
Landing: April 14, 1981 at 10:20:57 a.m. PST
Runway: 23
Rollout Distance: 8,993 feet
Rollout Time: 60 seconds
Revolution: 37
Mission Duration: 2 days, 6 hours, 20 minutes, and 53 seconds
Returned to KSC: April 28, 1981
Orbit Altitude: 166 nautical miles
Orbit Inclination: 40.3 degrees
Miles Traveled: 1.074 million
Crew Members
Image above: STS-1 Crew photo with Commander John W. Young on the left and Pilot Robert L. Crippen on the right. Image Credit: NASA
Mission Objectives
Demonstrate safe launch into orbit and safe return of the orbiter and
crew. Verify the combined performance of the entire shuttle vehicle -
orbiter, solid rocket boosters and external tank.Payloads included the Developmental Flight Instrumentation (DFI) and the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identifications Package (ACIP) pallet containing equipment for recording temperatures, pressures and acceleration levels at various points on the vehicle.
Mission Highlights
Major systems tested successfully on first flight of Space Transportation System. Orbiter sustained tile damage on launch and from overpressure wave created by the solid rocket boosters. Subsequent modifications to the water sound suppression system eliminated the problem. A total of sixteen tiles were lost and 148 tiles were damaged.
+ View Press Kit
NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center
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Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
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ayabaca@yahoo.com
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