ASTRONOMÍA : : ESA .- Celebrando el legado del Telescopio Espacial Herschel

http://www.esa.int/esl/ESA_in_your_country/Spain/Celebrando_el_legado_de_Herschel
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/ESA_en_route_to_the_origins_of_the_Universe
                                                                                                                                     

Celebrating Herschel's legacy

Celebrando el legado de Herschel

18 septiembre 2017

Esta delicada imagen, que muestra un dédalo de burbujas y volutas interestelares, revela la enorme actividad en el complejo de nubes moleculares y regiones de formación de estrellas W3/W4/W5. Fue capturada por el observatorio espacial Herschel de la ESA, una misión pionera que estudió el firmamento a longitudes de onda submilimétricas y del infrarrojo lejano entre 2009 y 2013.

Con frecuencia, septiembre ha sido el mes en que Herschel ha sumado un número mayor de hitos y momentos memorables. 

Antes de abandonar la Tierra, en septiembre de 2005 el satélite ensamblado se sometió a las primeras pruebas de funcionamiento. 

Y en septiembre de 2007 se unieron el ‘cerebro’ de la misión —el módulo de carga útil con los instrumentos y el criostato que los conservaría a la temperatura necesaria, cerca del cero absoluto— y su ‘corazón’, el módulo de servicio que mantendría la nave en funcionamiento. 

Durante el mismo mes, una serie de científicos se reunieron para planificar cómo podrían sacar el máximo provecho a esta extraordinaria misión a partir del tiempo de observación disponible. 

Finalmente, el satélite fue lanzado el 14 de mayo de 2009. Pocos meses después, nuevamente en septiembre, Herschel llevó a cabo las primeras observaciones científicas: un momento memorable para numerosos astrónomos de todo el mundo. 

Ocho años después, a punto de acabar la fase postoperacional de la misión, la ESA celebra la maravillosa ciencia que ha proporcionado y hace balance del legado que nos deja. 

Una de las áreas en que Herschel ha contribuido de forma sustancial tiene que ver con los procesos que llevan a la formación de estrellas, estudiando un gran número de incubadoras estelares, como el complejo W3/W4/W5 representado en esta imagen. 

Aquí se puede consultar más información sobre la mirada pionera que Herschel ha ofrecido de estas incubadoras de nuestra Galaxia y los enormes pasos que la misión ha permitido dar en nuestra comprensión sobre el nacimiento de las estrellas y los sistemas planetarios. 

Entre muchos otros fabulosos hallazgos, el seguimiento del agua por el cosmos efectuado por Herschel ha permitido reconstruir la evolución de las galaxias a lo largo de los 14.000 millones de años de historia del Universo. La Semana de Herschel ofrece más información sobre estos fascinantes descubrimientos y sobre el legado que la misión deja a las futuras generaciones de telescopios. 

No dudes en unirte a la ESA en su celebración de la Semana de Herschel y comparte tus momentos memorables con la etiqueta #HerschelMoments.                                 

Ariane 5 lifts off with Herschel and Planck on board

ESA en route to the origins of the Universe

14 May 2009

ESA PR 10-2009 Two of the most ambitious missions ever attempted to unveil the secrets of the darkest, coldest and oldest parts of the Universe got off to a successful start this afternoon with the dual launch of ESA’s far infrared space telescope Herschel and cosmic background mapper Planck on an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana.

Herschel, equipped with the largest mirror ever launched into space, will observe a mostly uncharted part of the electromagnetic spectrum so as to study the birth of stars and galaxies as well as dust clouds and planet-forming discs around stars. In addition, it will be the most effective tool ever devised to look for the presence of water in remote parts of the Universe.

Planck is designed to map tiny irregularities in fossil radiation left over from the very first light in the Universe, emitted shortly after the Big Bang. Planck will have enough sensitivity to reach the experimental limits of what can be observed, thus peering into the early Universe and studying its constituents such as the elusive dark matter and dark energy that continue to be a puzzle to the science community worldwide.

A Journey to L2

Herschel and Planck launch

Both of these highly sophisticated spacecraft were lofted into space atop an Ariane 5 ECA vehicle from Europe’s spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, at 13:12 UTC (15:12 CEST) today, Thursday 14 May 2009. Almost 26 minutes later, and about two minutes from each other, they were released separately on an escape trajectory toward a virtual point in space, called L2, some 1.5 million kilometres from Earth in the opposite direction to the Sun.

Herschel and Planck are currently on a highly elongated orbit that will eventually bring them to an average distance of about 1.5 million km from the Earth. Since the acquisition of the first radio signals from the two satellites at 15:49 today, they have now come under the control of ESA’s European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) in Darmstadt, Germany. Both appear to be in nominal condition on their way towards their final orbit around L2. Their first trajectory correction manoeuvres are scheduled for tomorrow.

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Launcher fairing ejection

After about two months, the two satellites will begin their scientific observations from two separate orbits around L2, where the combined pull of the Earth and Sun creates a gravitational stability point. Once there, undisturbed by thermal and radiation interference caused by the Sun, the Earth or the Moon, Herschel will observe pre-selected celestial targets, while Planck will perform a continuous survey of the overall sky.
 

Herschel separates from upper stage

 

“With Herschel we can resume the pioneering work undertaken with ISO, ESA’s first infrared space observatory operating in the second half of the 90s, and we are building upon the experience gained to date by the world wide scientific community in the field of infrared astronomy,” said David Southwood, ESA Director of Science and Robotic Exploration. “We now have much more advanced technology at our disposal. Together with our partners across the world and with the scientific community, which have been waiting for this unique moment for a long time, we will work hard to fulfil Herschel’s ambitious promise, confident that we will achieve a revolutionary breakthrough in the urgent quests of today’s space science.”

“Planck is ESA’s first mission dedicated to the study of relic radiation from the Big Bang, designed to continue the marvellous work undertaken over the last 20 years by Russia’s Relikt, and NASA’s COBE and WMAP satellites,” Professor Southwood continued. “With Planck, we are pushing the boundaries of our knowledge to the very limits of what can be observed according to theory. It is a tremendous technical challenge but helping to bring about a great leap forward in our understanding of the origin and perhaps the fate of our Universe will be a tremendous reward too!”

“This dual launch is the crowning of some 20 years of hard work for the scientists who imagined these missions, the engineers who designed these satellites, the firms that built them and the ESA staff who coordinated all these efforts,” said ESA’s Director General, Jean-Jacques Dordain. “This marvellous work could never have been accomplished without the commitment of all of ESA's Member States, which have consistently ensured that Space Science remains the backbone of our activities. An outstanding Space Science programme shaped by scientific communities across Europe, driving innovation, and embedding new technologies for the benefit of all citizens.”

 

Planck separates from upper stage

 

“Herschel and Planck are the most complex science satellites ever built in Europe. They were developed by an industrial team led by Thales Alenia Space France and comprising more than 100 contractors from 15 countries in Europe and the United States. The instruments on both satellites, and the Planck telescope, were provided by consortia of European laboratories and institutes led by France, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany and Denmark, with a major contribution from scientific institutions in other countries such as the United States and Canada,” Dordain added.

“Herschel and Planck will enable us to go very far back in time, to the origins of our Universe and it is only by better understanding our Universe’s overall past that we can help to better define the future of our planet, the Earth, not as a self-standing celestial body but as an integral part of the whole system,” Dordain concluded.

For more details on the international contribution to Herschel and Planck please consult http://www.esa.int/Herschel and http://www.esa.int/planck.

For further information:

ESA Media Relations Office
Communication and Knowledge Department
Phone + 33 1 5369 7299
Fax. + 33 1 5369 7690
Queries: Media @ esa.int

Notes for editors:

Herschel and Planck were developed under a common engineering programme by an industrial team led by Thales Alenia Space France, mainly supported by Astrium Germany, Astrium Toulouse and Thales Alenia Space Italy.

Large academic and industrial consortia from across the world have designed and manufactured Herschel and Planck’s instruments under national funding. Leading institutes are: SRON (Netherlands), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Germany), Cardiff University (United Kingdom), Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (France) and the Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (Italy).

Funding for the instruments on Herschel and Planck has been provided by: SRON (Netherlands), DLR (Germany), CNES, CNRS and CEA (France), DLR and MPG (Germany), BELSPO/PRODEX (Belgium), ASI (Italy), NASA (USA), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia and the INTA Spanish Space Agency (Spain), Ministry of Science and Research (Austria), STFC (UK), CSA (Canada), the Stockholm Observatory (Sweden), the National Astronomical Observatories (China), Tekes and Millilab (Finland), and many other contributors. The Planck telescope reflectors were funded by the Danish Natural Science Research Council and ESA.

 

 

ESA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
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