This astronaut photograph acquired on June 22, 2013 provides a panoramic view
of most of the length of the Red Sea. The northernmost end, the Gulf of Suez, is
just visible at the top center of the image and is fully 1,900 kilometers (1,200
miles) in ground distance from the International Space Station (ISS). The Nile
River snakes its way northward through the Sahara Desert on the left.
Much closer to the camera—but still more than 550 kilometers (340 miles) from
the ISS—is a dust plume surging out over the Red Sea and reaching most of the
way to Saudi Arabia. The point source of this plume is the delta of the southern
Egyptian river Khor Baraka. Astronaut images have shown that this delta is a
common source for dust plumes, mainly because it is a relatively large area of
exposed, loose sand and clay that can be easily lofted into the air. The river
also cuts a narrow valley through a high range of hills that channels the wind,
making it blow faster.
This dramatic view of the Red Sea shows the generally parallel margins of the
opposing coastlines. The rift, or depression, that now holds the Red Sea has
been opening slowly for about 30 million years and is nearly 300 kilometers (200
miles) wide in the region of the dust plume. The depression only began filling
with seawater within the past five million years. The satisfyingly good fit
between the coastlines allows the viewer to easily visualize how Africa and
Arabia were once a single landmass before the Red Sea rift formed.
Image Credit: NASA
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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