Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta The rover Curiosity. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta The rover Curiosity. Mostrar todas las entradas

viernes, 8 de junio de 2018

NASA : MARTE .- ROBOT CURIOSITY .- Curiosity Descubre Material Orgánico Antiguo y Metano Misterioso en Marte............... El rover Curiosity halla moléculas orgánicas durante sus perforaciones en Marte.................. NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., , el robot Curiosity, que está asentado en Marte, ha hecho un gran descubrimiento de material orgánico, que consiste en moléculas orgánicas resistentes en rocas sedimentarias de unos 3 mil millones de años de edad, que están cerca de la superficie marciana, así como cambios estacionales en los niveles de metano en la atmósfera, aunque no  se trata de pruebas de vida en si mismas, pero estos hallazgos son una buena señal par las futuras misiones que exploren la superficie y el subsuelo marciano.
NASA :  nos dice: "Las moléculas orgánicas contienen carbono e hidrógeno, y también pueden incluir oxígeno, nitrógeno y otros elementos. Si bien comúnmente se asocian con la vida, las moléculas orgánicas también pueden ser creadas por procesos no biológicos y no son necesariamente indicadores de vida.
"Con estos nuevos hallazgos, Marte nos dice que mantengamos el curso y sigamos buscando pruebas de vida", dijo Thomas Zurbuchen, administrador asociado de la Dirección de Misiones Científicas en la sede de la NASA, en Washington. "Confío en que nuestras misiones actuales y planeadas desvelarán descubrimientos aún más impresionantes en el Planeta Rojo".
https://www.lanasa.net/
http://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ciencia/actualidad/rover-curiosity-halla-moleculas-organicas-durante-sus-perforaciones-marte_12798/3
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-finds-ancient-organic-material-mysterious-methane-on-mars

Curiosity Descubre Material Orgánico Antiguo y Metano Misterioso en Marte

08.06.18.- El rover Curiosity de NASA ha hallado pruebas conservadas en rocas de Marte que sugieren que el planeta podría haber tenido vida en la antigüedad, así como nuevas pruebas en la atmósfera marciana que se relacionan con la búsqueda de vida actual en el Planeta Rojo. Aunque no se trata de pruebas de vida por sí mismas, estos hallazgos son una buena señal para las futuras misiones que exploren la superficie y el subsuelo del planeta.
Los nuevos hallazgos consisten en moléculas orgánicas “resistentes” en rocas sedimentarias de 3 mil millones de años de edad cerca de la superficie, así como cambios estacionales en los niveles de metano de la atmósfera.
Las moléculas orgánicas contienen carbono e hidrógeno, y también pueden incluir oxígeno, nitrógeno y otros elementos. Si bien comúnmente se asocian con la vida, las moléculas orgánicas también pueden ser creadas por procesos no biológicos y no son necesariamente indicadores de vida.
"Con estos nuevos hallazgos, Marte nos dice que mantengamos el curso y sigamos buscando pruebas de vida", dijo Thomas Zurbuchen, administrador asociado de la Dirección de Misiones Científicas en la sede de la NASA, en Washington. "Confío en que nuestras misiones actuales y planeadas desvelarán descubrimientos aún más impresionantes en el Planeta Rojo".
“Curiosity no ha determinado el origen de las moléculas orgánicas”, explica Jen Eigenbrode del Centro de Vuelo Espacial Goddard de la NASA. “Tanto si se trata de un registro de vida antigua, como de alimento para la vida, o ha aparecido en ausencia de vida, la materia orgánica en los materiales marcianos contiene pistas químicas sobre las condiciones y procesos planetarios”.
Aunque la superficie de Marte es inhóspita hoy en día, hay pruebas claras de que, en el pasado remoto, el clima marciano permitió que el agua líquida, un ingrediente esencial para la vida tal como la conocemos, se agrupara en la superficie. Los datos de Curiosity revelan que hace miles de millones de años, un lago de agua dentro del Cráter Gale contenía todos los ingredientes necesarios para la vida, incluidos los componentes químicos y las fuentes de energía.
"La superficie marciana está expuesta a la radiación del espacio. Tanto la radiación como los productos químicos agresivos descomponen la materia orgánica ", dijo Eigenbrode. "Encontrar moléculas orgánicas antiguas en los primeros cinco centímetros de roca que se depositaron cuando Marte pudo haber sido habitable, es un buen augurio para que aprendamos la historia de las moléculas orgánicas en Marte con misiones futuras que profundizarán más".
En el segundo artículo, los científicos describen el descubrimiento de variaciones estacionales en el metano en la atmósfera marciana a lo largo de casi tres años de Marte, que son casi seis años terrestres. Esta variación fue detectada por el conjunto de instrumentos de análisis de muestras de Curiosity en Marte (SAM).
La química de la roca del agua podría haber generado el metano, pero los científicos no pueden descartar la posibilidad de orígenes biológicos. Anteriormente se había detectado metano en la atmósfera de Marte en columnas grandes e impredecibles. Este nuevo resultado muestra que los bajos niveles de metano dentro del Cráter Gale alcanzan su punto máximo en los cálidos meses de verano y disminuyen en el invierno cada año.
"Esta es la primera vez que vemos algo repetible en la historia del metano, por lo que nos ofrece una comprensión para entenderlo", dijo Chris Webster del JPL de la NASA en Pasadena, California, autor principal del segundo documento. "Todo esto es posible gracias a la longevidad de Curiosity. La larga duración nos ha permitido ver los patrones en esta 'respiración' estacional".
Para identificar material orgánico en el suelo marciano, Curiosity perforó rocas sedimentarias conocidas como lutita en cuatro zonas del Cráter Gale. Esta piedra de barro se formó gradualmente hace miles de millones de años a partir del cieno que se acumuló en el fondo del antiguo lago. Las muestras de roca fueron analizadas por SAM, que utiliza un horno para calentar las muestras para liberar moléculas orgánicas de la roca en polvo.
SAM midió pequeñas moléculas orgánicas que salieron de la muestra de lodo: fragmentos de moléculas orgánicas más grandes que no se vaporizan fácilmente. Algunos de estos fragmentos contienen azufre, lo que podría haber ayudado a preservarlos de la misma manera que el azufre que se utiliza para hacer que los neumáticos de los automóviles sean más duraderos, según Eigenbrode.
Los resultados también indican concentraciones de carbono orgánico del orden de 10 partes por millón o más. Esto está cerca de la cantidad observada en los meteoritos marcianos y aproximadamente 100 veces mayor que las detecciones previas de carbono orgánico en la superficie de Marte. Algunas de las moléculas identificadas incluyen tiofenos, benceno, tolueno y pequeñas cadenas de carbono, como propano o buteno.
En 2013, SAM detectó algunas moléculas orgánicas que contienen cloro en las rocas en el punto más profundo del cráter. Este nuevo descubrimiento se basa en el inventario de moléculas detectadas en los antiguos sedimentos del lago en Marte y ayuda a explicar por qué se conservaron.
Encontrar metano en la atmósfera y carbono antiguo preservado en la superficie les da a los científicos la confianza de que el rover Mars 2020 de la NASA y el rover ExoMars de la ESA (Agencia Espacial Europea) encontrarán aún más compuestos orgánicos, tanto en la superficie como en el subsuelo superficial.
Estos resultados también orientan las decisiones de los científicos mientras trabajan para encontrar respuestas a preguntas sobre la posibilidad de vida en Marte.
"¿Hay signos de vida en Marte?", dijo Michael Meyer, científico principal del Programa de Exploración de Marte de la NASA, en la sede de la NASA. "No lo sabemos, pero estos resultados nos dicen que estamos en el camino correcto".

El rover Curiosity ha descubierto moléculas orgánicas antiguas en Marte, en el interior de rocas sedimentarias de miles de millones de años de edad. Image Credit: NASA/GSFC

NASA en Español



El rover Curiosity halla moléculas orgánicas durante sus perforaciones en Marte

Las moléculas orgánicas están habitualmente asociadas con la vida, pero también pueden ser creadas por procesos no biológicos y no tienen por qué ser necesariamente indicadores de vida

Antiguas moléculas orgánicas
El rover Curiosity ha descubierto antiguas moléculas orgánicas en Marte, integradas en unas rocas sedimentarias de miles de años de antigüedad.
Imagen: NASA / GSFC

Variaciones en el metano atmosférico
El rover Curiosity de la NASA ha utilizado un instrumento denominado SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars o Análisis de Muestras en Marte) para detectar las variaciones estacionales de metano atmosférico en el cráter Gale. La señal de metano ha sido observada durante casi tres años marcianos (casi seis años terrestres), cada verano alcanzando un máximo.
Imagen: NASA / JPL-Caltech

Rover Curiosity
Autorretrato del rover Curiosity con un ángulo bajo que muestra al vehículo de exploración espacial en el sitio desde donde realizó una perforación, en una roca llamada Buckskin, en la parte inferior del Monte Sharp.
Foto: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS
Alec Forssmann
7 de junio de 2018

El rover Curiosity halla moléculas orgánicas durante sus perforaciones en Marte
El rover Curiosity de la NASA ha hallado moléculas orgánicas en rocas sedimentarias de 3.000 millones de años de antigüedad cercanas a la superficie de Marte, por lo que en un pasado remoto puede que el planeta tuviera las condiciones necesarias para la vida, según ha revelado hoy la NASA. El vehículo de exploración espacial realizó perforaciones en unas rocas sedimentarias que se encuentran en cuatro zonas del cráter Gale. Estas rocas sedimentarias, denominadas lutitas, se formaron gradualmente hace miles de millones de años a partir del sedimento que se acumuló en el fondo de un antiguo lago. Las muestras rocosas han sido analizadas con el instrumento SAM (Análisis de Muestras en Marte) del Curiosity, que usa un horno para calentar las muestras y liberar las moléculas orgánicas de las rocas pulverizadas.


"Curiosity no ha determinado la fuente de estas moléculas orgánicas", explica Jennifer Eigenbrode, del Goddard Space Flight Center de la NASA y la principal autora de un estudio que ha sido publicado el 8 de junio en Science. Una molécula orgánica es un compuesto químico que contiene carbono e hidrógeno y que también puede contener oxígeno, nitrógeno y otros elementos. Las moléculas orgánicas están habitualmente asociadas con la vida, pero también pueden ser creadas por procesos no biológicos y no tienen por qué ser necesariamente indicadores de vida. "La superficie marciana está expuesta a la radiación procedente del espacio. Tanto la radiación como los productos químicos fuertes descomponen la materia orgánica. Hallar antiguas moléculas orgánicas en los cinco centímetros superiores de roca que fue depositada cuando Marte pudo ser habitable es un buen augurio para aprender la historia de las moléculas orgánicas en Marte con las futuras misiones que perforarán a mayor profundidad", afirma Eigenbrode.


Por último, otro estudio publicado también el 8 de junio en Science, describe el descubrimiento de unas variaciones estacionales en el metano de la atmósfera marciana durante casi tres años marcianos, es decir, casi seis años terrestres. La interacción química del agua y la roca pudo haber generado el metano, pero los científicos no pueden descartar la posibilidad de unos orígenes biológicos. Los nuevos resultados muestran que los niveles inferiores de metano dentro del cráter Gale aumentan repetidamente durante los cálidos meses veraniegos y descienden durante el invierno cada año. "Esta es la primera vez que vemos algo que se repite en la historia del metano, por lo que podemos aferrarnos a algo e intentar entenderlo", comenta Chris Webster, del Jet Propulsion Laboratory de la NASA y el principal autor del estudio.


NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars



This low-angle self-portrait of NASA's Curiosity Mars rover shows the vehicle at the site from which it reached down to drill in
This low-angle self-portrait of NASA's Curiosity Mars rover shows the vehicle at the site from which it reached down to drill into a rock target called "Buckskin" on lower Mount Sharp.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

NASA’s Curiosity rover has found new evidence preserved in rocks on Mars that suggests the planet could have supported ancient life, as well as new evidence in the Martian atmosphere that relates to the search for current life on the Red Planet. While not necessarily evidence of life itself, these findings are a good sign for future missions exploring the planet’s surface and subsurface.

The new findings – “tough” organic molecules in three-billion-year-old sedimentary rocks near the surface, as well as seasonal variations in the levels of methane in the atmosphere – appear in the June 8 edition of the journal Science.

Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, and also may include oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. While commonly associated with life, organic molecules also can be created by non-biological processes and are not necessarily indicators of life. 

“With these new findings, Mars is telling us to stay the course and keep searching for evidence of life,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, in Washington. “I’m confident that our ongoing and planned missions will unlock even more breathtaking discoveries on the Red Planet.”

“Curiosity has not determined the source of the organic molecules,” said Jen Eigenbrode of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who is lead author of one of the two new Science papers. “Whether it holds a record of ancient life, was food for life, or has existed in the absence of life, organic matter in Martian materials holds chemical clues to planetary conditions and processes.”

Although the surface of Mars is inhospitable today, there is clear evidence that in the distant past, the Martian climate allowed liquid water – an essential ingredient for life as we know it – to pool at the surface. Data from Curiosity reveal that billions of years ago, a water lake inside Gale Crater held all the ingredients necessary for life, including chemical building blocks and energy sources. 

“The Martian surface is exposed to radiation from space. Both radiation and harsh chemicals break down organic matter,” said Eigenbrode. “Finding ancient organic molecules in the top five centimeters of rock that was deposited when Mars may have been habitable, bodes well for us to learn the story of organic molecules on Mars with future missions that will drill deeper.”

Seasonal Methane Releases

In the second paper, scientists describe the discovery of seasonal variations in methane in the Martian atmosphere over the course of nearly three Mars years, which is almost six Earth years. This variation was detected by Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite. 

Water-rock chemistry might have generated the methane, but scientists cannot rule out the possibility of biological origins. Methane previously had been detected in Mars' atmosphere in large, unpredictable plumes. This new result shows that low levels of methane within Gale Crater repeatedly peak in warm, summer months and drop in the winter every year.

"This is the first time we've seen something repeatable in the methane story, so it offers us a handle in understanding it," said Chris Webster of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, lead author of the second paper. "This is all possible because of Curiosity's longevity. The long duration has allowed us to see the patterns in this seasonal 'breathing.'" 

Finding Organic Molecules

To identify organic material in the Martian soil, Curiosity drilled into sedimentary rocks known as mudstone from four areas in Gale Crater. This mudstone gradually formed billions of years ago from silt that accumulated at the bottom of the ancient lake. The rock samples were analyzed by SAM, which uses an oven to heat the samples (in excess of 900 degrees Fahrenheit, or 500 degrees Celsius) to release organic molecules from the powdered rock.

SAM measured small organic molecules that came off the mudstone sample – fragments of larger organic molecules that don’t vaporize easily. Some of these fragments contain sulfur, which could have helped preserve them in the same way sulfur is used to make car tires more durable, according to Eigenbrode.

The results also indicate organic carbon concentrations on the order of 10 parts per million or more. This is close to the amount observed in Martian meteorites and about 100 times greater than prior detections of organic carbon on Mars’ surface. Some of the molecules identified include thiophenes, benzene, toluene, and small carbon chains, such as propane or butene.

In 2013, SAM detected some organic molecules containing chlorine in rocks at the deepest point in the crater. This new discovery builds on the inventory of molecules detected in the ancient lake sediments on Mars and helps explains why they were preserved.

Finding methane in the atmosphere and ancient carbon preserved on the surface gives scientists confidence that NASA's Mars 2020 rover and ESA’s (European Space Agency's) ExoMars rover will find even more organics, both on the surface and in the shallow subsurface. 

These results also inform scientists’ decisions as they work to find answers to questions concerning the possibility of life on Mars. 

“Are there signs of life on Mars?” said Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars Exploration Program, at NASA Headquarters. “We don’t know, but these results tell us we are on the right track.”

This work was funded by NASA's Mars Exploration Program for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) in Washington. Goddard provided the SAM instrument. JPL built the rover and manages the project for SMD.

For video and images of the findings, visit:


Information on NASA’s Mars activities is available online at:


-end-

Dwayne Brown / JoAnna Wendel
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1726 / 202-358-1003
dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov / joanna.r.wendel@nasa.gov

Bill Steigerwald / Nancy Jones
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
301-286-8955 / 301-286-0039
william.a.steigerwald@nasa.gov / nancy.n.jones@nasa.gov

Andrew Good
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-2433
andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov
Last Updated: June 7, 2018
Editor: Sean Potter
Tags:  Goddard Space Flight Center, Journey to Mars, Mars, Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity), Solar System,

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

viernes, 27 de julio de 2012

Astronomía: Mars Express escuchará a Curiosity durante su espectacular aterrizaje en Marte

Hola amigos:  A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., El próximo día 6 de agosto, la sonda MSL de la NASA realizará una espectacular maniobra para posar al rover Curiosity sobre la superficie de Marte. La sonda Mars Express de la ESA monitorizará el progreso de la misión, grabando los datos del vuelo hasta que sus ruedas se posen sobre la superficie marciana.
http://www.esa.int/images/esa_mars_express_tracks_nasa_msl_curiosity.jpg
Download:
 HI-RES JPEG (Size: 145 kb)
 Mars Express supports MSL 
Credits: ESA

 El próximo día 6 de agosto, la sonda MSL de la NASA realizará una espectacular maniobra para posar al rover Curiosity sobre la superficie de Marte. La sonda Mars Express de la ESA monitorizará el progreso de la misión, grabando los datos del vuelo hasta que sus ruedas se posen sobre la superficie marciana.

La misión Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) de la NASA está diseñada para llevar al rover de exploración planetaria más grande de la historia a la superficie del planeta rojo. Su aterrizaje está previsto para el día 6 de agosto por la mañana.

El aterrizaje de Curiosity en el cráter Gale marcará el comienzo de un ambicioso programa de exploración, durante el que estudiará el clima, la geología y la habitabilidad de Marte, al tiempo que recoge datos para preparar una futura misión tripulada al planeta rojo.
Cuando la nave entre en contacto con la atmósfera marciana, a una velocidad de casi 21 000 km/h, comenzarán ‘siete minutos trepidantes’, durante los que el sofisticado sistema de reentrada, descenso y aterrizaje deberá frenar a la nave hasta una velocida
 http://www.esa.int/images/PIA14840.jpg
 Una flota internacional de satélites pendiente de su aterrizaje
Download:
 HI-RES JPEG (Size: 666 kb)
 This artist's concept depicts the moment that NASA's Curiosity rover touches down onto the Martian surface.

The entry, descent, and landing (EDL) phase of the Mars Science Laboratory mission begins when the spacecraft reaches the Martian atmosphere, about 81 miles (131 kilometers) above the surface of the Gale crater landing area, and ends with the rover safe and sound on the surface of Mars.
Entry, descent, and landing for the Mars Science Laboratory mission will include a combination of technologies inherited from past NASA Mars missions, as well as exciting new technologies. Instead of the familiar airbag landing systems of the past Mars missions, Mars Science Laboratory will use a guided entry and a sky crane touchdown system to land the hyper-capable, massive rover.
The sheer size of the Mars Science Laboratory rover (over one ton, or 900 kilograms) would preclude it from taking advantage of an airbag-assisted landing. Instead, the Mars Science Laboratory will use the sky crane touchdown system, which will be capable of delivering a much larger rover onto the surface. It will place the rover on its wheels, ready to begin its mission after thorough post-landing checkouts.
The new entry, descent and landing architecture, with its use of guided entry, will allow for more precision. Where the Mars Exploration Rovers could have landed anywhere within their respective 93-mile by 12-mile (150 by 20 kilometer) landing ellipses, Mars Science Laboratory will land within a 12-mile (20-kilometer) ellipse! This high-precision delivery will open up more areas of Mars for exploration and potentially allow scientists to roam "virtually" where they have not been able to before.
In the depicted scene, Curiosity is touching down onto the surface, suspended on a bridle beneath the spacecraft's descent stage as that stage controls the rate of descent with four of its eight throttle-controllable rocket engines. The rover is connected to the descent stage by three nylon tethers and by an umbilical providing a power and communication connection. When touchdown is detected, the bridle will be cut at the rover end, and the descent stage flies off to stay clear of the landing site.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington.
More information about Curiosity is at http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/. 
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech
 Una flota internacional de satélites pendiente de su aterrizaje

Durante su descenso, MSL enviará datos a los dos satélites de la NASA en Marte – Mars Odyssey y Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – que grabarán la información y la reenviarán a la Tierra.

A petición de la NASA, la sonda europea Mars Express, en órbita a Marte desde el año 2003, también escuchará las señales de MSL durante estos siete minutos, registrando datos que podrían resultar de vital importancia si algo no saliese según lo previsto.
 

“Comenzamos a ajustar nuestra órbita hace varios meses, con el fin de garantizar que Mars Express tenga la fase correcta y una buena visibilidad de la trayectoria prevista para el descenso de MSL”, explica Michel Denis, Responsable de las Operaciones de la sonda Mars Express.
Los especialistas del ESOC, el Centro de Operaciones Espaciales de la ESA en Darmstadt, Alemania, han diseñado un nuevo modo de apuntamiento para que el Sistema de Comunicaciones con el Módulo de Aterrizaje, instalado a bordo de Mars Express, escuche la señal de MSL.
 

Este sistema fue diseñado para que la sonda europea se comunicase con el módulo Beagle, que descendió sobre Marte en el año 2003.
ESA’s Mars Express to monitor ‘7 minutes of terror’
 Mars Express grabará y retransmitirá las señales de la NASA
Download:
 HI-RES PNG (Size: 1074 kb)
Diagram showing the overall geometry when Mars Express tracks signals from NASA's MSL during its arrival at Mars. 
Credits: NASA/ESA

Mars Express grabará y retransmitirá las señales de la NASA

El próximo día 6 de agosto Mars Express realizará una maniobra para empezar a escuchar la señal de MSL a las 05:10. Si todo sale según lo previsto, Odyssey retransmitirá la señal de confirmación del aterrizaje a las 05:31. Mars Express grabará todas las señales emitidas por MSL entre las 05:10 y las 05:38 (todas las horas son GMT, y pueden variar en los próximos días).

A continuación Mars Express girará de nuevo para apuntar su antena hacia la Tierra y comenzará a enviar los datos de MSL al ESOC, a través de la Antena de Espacio Profundo de 35 metros de diámetro que la ESA tiene en Nueva Norcia, Australia.
Se espera que los datos lleguen a Europa a las 06:40 GMT, y acto seguido se retransmitirán a la NASA para su análisis.
 

Las estaciones de la red ESTRACK de la ESA permanecerán a la espera

La red de estaciones de seguimiento de la ESA también participará en la maniobra, permaneciendo a la espera como redundancia de la red de espacio profundo de la NASA, preparada para recibir los datos enviados a más de 250 millones de kilómetros.
 Mars Express

Download:
 HI-RES JPEG (Size: 1050 kb)  HI-RES TIFF (Size: 8508 kb)
Artist's impression of Mars Expres   
Credits: Alex Lutkus
“La NASA participó en la llegada de Mars Express a Marte en el año 2003, y la ESA retransmitió los datos de los rovers estadounidenses Spirit y Opportunity”, explica Manfred Warhaut, Responsable de las Operaciones de la Misión.

“Mars Express también monitorizó el descenso de la misión Phoenix de la NASA en el año 2008; compartimos nuestras redes de espacio profundo de forma habitual”.
“La cooperación técnica y científica entre la ESA y la NASA para la exploración de Marte cuenta ya con una larga tradición, y ayuda a ambas partes a mitigar los riesgos y a incrementar el retorno de los resultados científicos”.

ESA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com


 InScríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

martes, 17 de julio de 2012

Astronomy: NASA's Car-Sized Rover Nears Daring Landing on Mars

 
This artist's concept features NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, a mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-06-curiosity-rover-track-early-august.html#jCp
This artist's concept features NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, a mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-06-curiosity-rover-track-early-august.html#jCp
 
This artist's concept features NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, a mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-06-curiosity-rover-track-early-august.html#jCp
This artist's concept features NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, a mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-06-curiosity-rover-track-early-august.html#jCp
This artist's concept features NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, a mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-06-curiosity-rover-track-early-august.html#jCp

NASA's Car-Sized Rover Nears Daring Landing on Mars
 
 
WASHINGTON -- NASA's most advanced planetary rover is on a precise course for an early August landing beside a Martian mountain to begin two years of unprecedented scientific detective work. However, getting the Curiosity rover to the surface of Mars will not be easy.

"The Curiosity landing is the hardest NASA mission ever attempted in the history of robotic planetary exploration," said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "While the challenge is great, the team's skill and determination give me high confidence in a successful landing."

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is a precursor mission for future human mission to Mars. President Obama has set a challenge to reach the Red Planet in the 2030s.

To achieve the precision needed for landing safely inside Gale Crater, the spacecraft will fly like a wing in the upper atmosphere instead of dropping like a rock. To land the 1-ton rover, an air-bag method used on previous Mars rovers will not work. Mission engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., designed a "sky crane" method for the final several seconds of the flight. A backpack with retro-rockets controlling descent speed will lower the rover on three nylon cords just before touchdown.

During a critical period lasting only about seven minutes, the MSL spacecraft carrying Curiosity must decelerate from about 13,200 mph (about 5,900 meters per second) to allow the rover to land on the surface at about 1.7 mph (three-fourths of a meter per second). Curiosity is scheduled to land at approximately 1:31 a.m. EDT Aug. 6 (10:31 p.m. PDT Aug. 5).

"Those seven minutes are the most challenging part of this entire mission," said Pete Theisinger, JPL's MSL project manager. "For the landing to succeed, hundreds of events will need to go right, many with split-second timing and all controlled autonomously by the spacecraft. We've done all we can think of to succeed. We expect to get Curiosity safely onto the ground, but there is no guarantee. The risks are real."

During the initial weeks after the actual landing, JPL mission controllers will put the rover through a series of checkouts and activities to characterize its performance on Mars while gradually ramping up scientific investigations. Curiosity then will begin investigating whether an area with a wet history inside Mars' Gale Crater ever has offered an environment favorable for microbial life.

"Earlier missions have found that ancient Mars had wet environments," said Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars Program at NASA Headquarters. "Curiosity takes us the next logical step in understanding the potential for life on Mars."

Curiosity will use tools on a robotic arm to deliver samples from Martian rocks and soils into laboratory instruments inside the rover that can reveal chemical and mineral composition. A laser instrument will use its beam to induce a spark on a target and read the spark's spectrum of light to identify chemical elements in the target.

Other instruments on the car-sized rover will examine the surrounding environment from a distance or by direct touch with the arm. The rover will check for the basic chemical ingredients for life and for evidence about energy available for life. It also will assess factors that could be hazardous for life, such as the radiation environment.

"For its ambitious goals, this mission needs a great landing site and a big payload," said Doug McCuistion, director of the Mars Exploration Program at NASA Headquarters. "During the descent through the atmosphere, the mission will rely on bold techniques enabling use of a smaller target area and a heavier robot on the ground than were possible for any previous Mars mission. Those techniques also advance us toward human-crew Mars missions, which will need even more precise targeting and heavier landers."
The chosen landing site is beside a mountain informally called Mount Sharp. The mission's prime destination lies on the slope of the mountain. Driving there from the landing site may take many months.

"Be patient about the drive. It will be well worth the wait and we are apt to find some targets of interest on the way," said John Grotzinger, MSL project scientist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. "When we get to the lower layers in Mount Sharp, we'll read them like chapters in a book about changing environmental conditions when Mars was wetter than it is today."

In collaboration with Microsoft Corp., a new outreach game was unveiled Monday to give the public a sense of the challenge and adventure of landing in a precise location on the surface. Called "Mars Rover Landing," the game is an immersive experience for the Xbox 360 home entertainment console that allows users to take control of their own spacecraft and face the extreme challenges of landing a rover on Mars.

"Technology is making it possible for the public to participate in exploration as it never has before," said Michelle Viotti, JPL's Mars public engagement manager. "Because Mars exploration is fundamentally a shared human endeavor, we want everyone around the globe to have the most immersive experience possible."

NASA has several other forthcoming experiences geared for inspiration and learning in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Information about many ways to watch and participate in the Curiosity's landing and the mission on the surface of Mars is available at:

MSL is a project of NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The mission is managed by JPL. Curiosity was designed, developed and assembled at JPL.

Follow the mission on Facebook and on Twitter at:

and


For information about the mission and to use the new video game and other education-related tools, visit:

and

NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
 Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

domingo, 27 de noviembre de 2011

ASTRONOMY: NASA Launches Most Capable and Robust Rover to Explore Mars

Hi my Friends: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., NASA began a historic voyage to Mars with the Nov. 26 launch of the Mars Science Laboratory.

NASA's Mars Science Laboratory soars through the sky aboard an Atlas V rocket. It will arrive at Mars on August 6, 2012, Universal Time.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Latest Updates:

- Engineers have received data from NASA's Mars Science Laboratory showing that all systems are operating normally. The approximately eight-month journey to Mars is underway. - NASA's Mars Science Laboratory has separated from the rocket that boosted it toward Mars and has sent a signal to Earth. - NASA's Mars Science Laboratory and its rocket are coasting in orbit around Earth before heading to Mars. - NASA's Mars Science Laboratory and its Curiosity rover have blasted off on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.

NASA's Mars Science Laboratory lifts off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Mars Science Laboratory Launch Milestones - 11.23.11
PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA's Mars Science Laboratory is tucked inside its Atlas V rocket, ready for launch on Saturday, Nov. 26, 2011 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The Nov. 26 launch window extends from 7:02 a.m. to 8:45 a.m. PST (10:02 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. EST). The launch period for the mission extends through Dec. 18.
The spacecraft, which will arrive at Mars in August 2012, is equipped with the most advanced rover ever to land on another planet. Named Curiosity, the rover will investigate whether the landing region has had environmental conditions favorable for supporting microbial life, and favorable for preserving clues about whether life existed.
On Nov. 26, NASA Television coverage of the launch will begin at 4:30 a.m. PST (7:30 a.m. EST). Live launch coverage will be carried on all NASA Television channels. For NASA Television downlink information, schedule information and streaming video, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/ntv .
 The launch coverage will also be streamed live on Ustream at http://www.ustream.tv/nasajpl .
If the spacecraft lifts off at the start of the launch window on Nov. 26, the following milestones are anticipated. Times would vary for other launch times and dates.
Launch
--The rocket's first-stage common core booster, and the four solid rocket boosters, will ignite before liftoff. Launch, or "T Zero", actually occurs before the rocket leaves the ground. The four solid rocket boosters jettison at launch plus one minute and 52 seconds.


Mars Science Laboratory on the Pad
A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket with NASA’s Mars Science Lab (MSL) rover Curiosity rolls out to its Space Launch Complex-41 launch pad arriving at 8:40 a.m. EST today. After landing on Mars in August 2012, MSL’s prime mission will last one Martian year (nearly two Earth years). Researchers will use the rover’s tools to study whether the landing region has environmental conditions favorable for supporting microbial life. The launch of the MSL mission is set for Saturday, Nov. 26 with the launch window opening at 10:02 a.m. EST. Photo by Pat Corkery, United Launch Alliance.

Fairing Separation
--The nose cone, or fairing, carrying Mars Science Laboratory will open like a clamshell and fall away at about three minutes and 25 seconds after launch. After this, the rocket's first stage will cut off and then drop into the Atlantic Ocean.
Parking Orbit
--The rocket's second stage, a Centaur engine, is started for the first time at about four minutes and 38 seconds after launch. After it completes its first burn of about 7 minutes, the rocket will be in a parking orbit around Earth at an altitude that varies from 102 miles (165 kilometers) to 201 miles (324 kilometers). It will remain there from 14 to 30 minutes, depending on the launch date and time. If launch occurs at the beginning of the launch Nov. 26 launch window, this stage will last about 21 minutes.
On the Way to Mars
-- The second Centaur burn, continuing for nearly 8 minutes (for a launch at the opening of the Nov. 26 launch window), lofts the spacecraft out of Earth orbit and sends it toward Mars.
Spacecraft Separation
--Mars Science Laboratory will separate from the rocket that boosted it toward Mars at about 44 minutes after launch, if launch occurs at the opening of the Nov. 26 window. Shortly after that, the separated Centaur performs its last task, an avoidance maneuver taking itself out of the spacecraft's flight path to avoid hitting either the spacecraft or Mars.
Sending a Message of Good Health
--Once the spacecraft is in its cruise stage toward Mars, it can begin communicating with Earth via an antenna station in Canberra, Australia, part of NASA's Deep Space Network. Engineers expect to hear first contact from the spacecraft at about 55 minutes after launch and assess the spacecraft's health during the subsequent 30 minutes. The spacecraft will arrive at the Red Planet Aug. 6, 2012, Universal Time (evening of Aug. 5, 2012, PDT).
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., a division of the California Institute of Technology, manages the Mars Science Laboratory mission. Launch management is the responsibility of NASA's Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Atlas V launch service is provided by United Launch Alliance, Denver.
Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. whitney.clavin@jpl.nasa.gov

Curiosity at Work on Mars (Artist's Concept)
This artist's concept depicts the rover Curiosity, of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, as it uses its Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument to investigate the composition of a rock surface. ChemCam fires laser pulses at a target and views the resulting spark with a telescope and spectrometers to identify chemical elements. The laser is actually in an invisible infrared wavelength, but is shown here as visible red light for purposes of illustration. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington, and designed and built Curiosity. More information about Curiosity is at http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/.

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

NASA Launches Most Capable and Robust Rover to Explore Mars :
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- NASA began a historic voyage to Mars with the Nov. 26 launch of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), which carries a car-sized rover named Curiosity. Liftoff from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station aboard an Atlas V rocket occurred at 10:02 a.m. EST. "We are very excited about sending the world's most advanced scientific laboratory to Mars," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said. "MSL will tell us critical things we need to know about Mars, and while it advances science, we'll be working on the capabilities for a human mission to the Red Planet and to other destinations where we've never been".

The mission will pioneer precision landing technology and a sky-crane touchdown to place Curiosity near the foot of a mountain inside Gale Crater on Aug. 6, 2012. During a nearly two-year prime mission after landing, the rover will investigate whether the region has ever offered conditions favorable for microbial life, including the chemical ingredients for life.

"The launch vehicle has given us a great injection into our trajectory, and we're on our way to Mars," said MSL Project Manager Peter Theisinger of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. "The spacecraft is in communication, thermally stable and power positive".

The Atlas V initially lofted the spacecraft into Earth orbit and then, with a second burst from the vehicle's upper stage, pushed it out of Earth orbit into a 352-million-mile (567-million-kilometer) journey to Mars.

"Our first trajectory correction maneuver will be in about two weeks," Theisinger said. "We'll do instrument checkouts in the next several weeks and continue with thorough preparations for the landing on Mars and operations on the surface".

Curiosity's ambitious science goals are among the mission's many differences from earlier Mars rovers. It will use a drill and scoop at the end of its robotic arm to gather soil and powdered samples of rock interiors, then sieve and parcel out these samples into analytical laboratory instruments inside the rover. Curiosity carries 10 science instruments with a total mass 15 times as large as the science-instrument payloads on the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity. Some of the tools are the first of their kind on Mars, such as a laser-firing instrument for checking rocks' elemental composition from a distance, and an X-ray diffraction instrument for definitive identification of minerals in powdered samples.

To haul and wield its science payload, Curiosity is twice as long and five times as heavy as Spirit or Opportunity. Because of its one-ton mass, Curiosity is too heavy to employ airbags to cushion its landing as previous Mars rovers could. Part of the MSL spacecraft is a rocket-powered descent stage that will lower the rover on tethers as the rocket engines control the speed of descent.

The mission's landing site offers Curiosity access for driving to layers of the mountain inside Gale Crater. Observations from orbit have identified clay and sulfate minerals in the lower layers, indicating a wet history.

Precision landing maneuvers as the spacecraft flies through the Martian atmosphere before opening its parachute make Gale a safe target for the first time. This innovation shrinks the target area to less than one-fourth the size of earlier Mars landing targets. Without it, rough terrain at the edges of Curiosity's target would make the site unacceptably hazardous.

The innovations for landing a heavier spacecraft with greater precision are steps in technology development for human Mars missions. In addition, Curiosity carries an instrument for monitoring the natural radiation environment on Mars, important information for designing human Mars missions that protect astronauts' health.

The mission is managed by JPL for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The rover was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. NASA's Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida managed the launch. NASA's Space Network provided space communication services for the launch vehicle. NASA's Deep Space Network will provide spacecraft acquisition and mission communication. United Launch Alliance, Denver, Colo., provided the Atlas V launch vehicle.

For more information about the mission, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/msl

For more information about the Deep Space Network, visit:
http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsn
- end -
text-only version of this release
NASA.
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com

Mi lista de blogs