Hi My Friends: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., We have received of NASA..... on the formation of planets, stars and galaxies in conditions of a lot of cold. Realized by the telescope...The Herschel observatory.
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Andromeda, also known as M31, is the nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way. Sensitive to infrared light from cool dust mixed in with the gas, Herschel seeks out clouds of gas where stars are born. Andromeda is host to several hundred billion stars, and this Herschel image clearly shows that many more will soon spark into existence. Image credit: ESA/Herschel/PACS & SPIRE Consortium, O. Krause, HSC, H. Linz › Full image and caption › Image gallery
The Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy is captured in this stunning
infrared view from Herschel and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. This nearby
"dwarf" galaxy looks like a fiery circular explosion. The ribbons are actually
giant ripples of dust, spanning tens or hundreds of light-years. Image credit:
ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI
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This view of the Orion nebula, taken by the Herschel and Spitzer
space telescopes, highlights fledgling stars hidden in the gas and dust clouds.
In several hundred thousand years, some of these dense clumps of dust and gas
will gather enough material to trigger nuclear fusion at their cores and blaze
into stardom. Image credit: NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech/IRAM
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This composite image of the peculiar galaxy Centaurus A shows
longer-infrared wavelengths captured by Herschel and X-rays from the European
Space Agency's XMM-Newton. The inner structural and jet features are helping
scientists understand the mechanisms and interactions within the galaxy. Image
credit: Far-infrared: ESA/Herschel/PACS/SPIRE/C.D. Wilson, MacMaster University,
Canada; X-ray: ESA/XMM-Newton/EPIC
› Full image and caption
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Dense filaments of gas in this space cloud, called IC5146, are
seen clearly in Herschel's infrared view. Herschel has revealed that clouds
between stars contain networks of these tangled gaseous filaments, stretching
for tens of light-years through space, and that the filaments may result from
interstellar sonic booms throughout our Milky Way galaxy. Image credit:
ESA/Herschel/SPIRE/PACS/D. Arzoumanian (CEA Saclay)
› Full image and caption
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PASADENA, Calif. -- The Herschel observatory, a European space telescope for
which NASA helped build instruments and process data, has stopped making
observations after running out of liquid coolant as expected.
The European Space Agency mission, launched almost four years ago, revealed
the universe's "coolest" secrets by observing the frigid side of planet, star
and galaxy formation.
"Herschel gave us the opportunity to peer into the dark and cold regions of
the universe that are invisible to other telescopes," said John Grunsfeld,
associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA
headquarters in Washington. "This successful mission demonstrates how NASA and
ESA can work together to tackle unsolved mysteries in astronomy."
Confirmation the helium is exhausted came today, at the beginning of the
spacecraft's daily communication session with its ground station in Western
Australia. A clear rise in temperatures was measured in all of Herschel's
instruments.
Herschel launched aboard an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana in May 2009.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., built components for two
of Herschel's three science instruments. NASA also supports the U.S.
astronomical community through the agency's Herschel Science Center, located at
the California Institute of Technology's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
in Pasadena.
Herschel's detectors were designed to pick up the glow from celestial objects
with infrared wavelengths as long as 625 micrometers, which is 1,000 times
longer than what we can see with our eyes. Because heat interferes with these
devices, they were chilled to temperatures as low as 2 kelvins (minus 271
degrees Celsius, or 456 Fahrenheit) using liquid helium. The detectors also were
kept cold by the spacecraft's orbit, which is around a stable point called the
second Lagrange point about 930,000 miles (1.5 million kilometers) from Earth.
This location gave Herschel a better view of the universe.
"Herschel has improved our understanding of how new stars and planets form,
but has also raised many new questions," said Paul Goldsmith, NASA Herschel
project scientist at JPL. "Astronomers will be following up on Herschel's
discoveries with ground-based and future space-based observatories for years to
come."
The mission will not be making any more observations, but discoveries will
continue. Astronomers still are looking over the data, much of which already is
public and available through NASA's Herschel Science Center. The final batch of
data will be public in about six months.
"Our goal is to help the U.S. community exploit the nuggets of gold that lie
in that data archive," said Phil Appleton, project scientist at the science
center.
Highlights of the mission include:
-- Discovering long, filamentary structures in space, dotted with dense
star-making knots of material.
-- Detecting definitively, for the first
time, oxygen molecules in space, in addition to other never-before-seen
molecules. By mapping the molecules in different regions, researchers are
learning more about the life cycles of stars and planets and the origins of
life.
-- Discovering high-speed outflows around central black holes in
active galaxies, which may be clearing out surrounding regions and suppressing
future star formation.
-- Opening new views on extremely distant
galaxies that could be seen only with Herschel, and providing new information
about their high rates of star formation.
-- Following the trail of
water molecules from distant galaxies to the clouds of gas between stars to
planet-forming solar systems.
-- Examining a comet in our own solar
system and finding evidence comets could have brought a substantial fraction of
water to Earth.
-- Together with NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope,
discovering a large asteroid belt around the bright star Vega.
Other findings from the mission include the discovery of some of the youngest
stars ever seen in the nearby Orion "cradle," and a peculiar planet-forming disk
of material surrounding the star TW Hydra, indicating planet formation may
happen over longer periods of time than expected. Herschel also has shown stars
interact with their environment in many surprising ways, including leaving
trails as they move through clouds of gas and dust.
More information is online at
and
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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