Vídeo: Los mejores momentos de la llegada del hombre a la Luna en 1969
La misión Apolo 11 de la NASA marcó un hito histórico en la exploración espacial. En este vídeo recordamos los momentos más icónicos y destacados
Todavía existen escépticos que creen que todo fue un montaje, que era imposible que el hombre pisara la Luna, que todos los vídeos que mostró la NASA fueron grabados en un plató y que incluso el mismísimo Stanley Kubrick fue el encargado de dirigir las grabaciones. Disparates sin ningún fundamento que han sido refutados y explicados en múltiples ocasiones, tanto por la propia agencia espacial estadounidense como por científicos independientes de todo el mundo. Ni siquiera merece la pena discutir sobre si el Hombre llegó a la Luna o no.
El comandante Neil Armstrong se convirtió en el primer ser humano que pisó la superficie lunar, el 21 de julio de 1969 a las 2:56 (hora internacional UTC). Y desde entonces pocos más han tenido este privilegio. Exactamente 12 personas han sido las que han podido plantar su huella sobre la Luna y ser los humanos que más lejos han estado del planeta que les vio nacer. Sus nombres: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Charles Conrad, Alan L. Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchel, David Scott, James B. Irwin, John W. Young, Charles M. Duke, Eugene A. Cernan y Harrison H. Schmitt.
En este vídeo de la NASA te mostramos los momentos más importantes de la misión, desde el despegue hasta la famosa frase de Neil Armstrong cuando tocó la superficie lunar: "un pequeño paso para un hombre, un gran paso para la humanidad".
Los mejores momentos de la llegada del hombre a la Luna
John F. Kennedy
On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days
in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets
as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest
man elected President; he was the youngest to die.
Of Irish descent, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29,
1917. Graduating from Harvard in 1940, he entered the Navy. In 1943,
when his PT boat was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy,
despite grave injuries, led the survivors through perilous waters to
safety.
Back from the war, he became a Democratic Congressman from the Boston
area, advancing in 1953 to the Senate. He married Jacqueline Bouvier on
September 12, 1953. In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation,
he wrote Profiles in Courage, which won the Pulitzer Prize in history.
In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice
President, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for
President. Millions watched his television debates with the Republican
candidate, Richard M. Nixon. Winning by a narrow margin in the popular
vote, Kennedy became the first Roman Catholic President.
His Inaugural Address offered the memorable injunction: "Ask not what
your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country." As
President, he set out to redeem his campaign pledge to get America
moving again. His economic programs launched the country on its longest
sustained expansion since World War II; before his death, he laid plans
for a massive assault on persisting pockets of privation and poverty.
Responding to ever more urgent demands, he took vigorous action in the
cause of equal rights, calling for new civil rights legislation. His
vision of America extended to the quality of the national culture and
the central role of the arts in a vital society.
He wished America to resume its old mission as the first nation
dedicated to the revolution of human rights. With the Alliance for
Progress and the Peace Corps, he brought American idealism to the aid of
developing nations. But the hard reality of the Communist challenge
remained.
Shortly after his inauguration, Kennedy permitted a band of Cuban
exiles, already armed and trained, to invade their homeland. The attempt
to overthrow the regime of Fidel Castro was a failure. Soon thereafter,
the Soviet Union renewed its campaign against West Berlin. Kennedy
replied by reinforcing the Berlin garrison and increasing the Nation's
military strength, including new efforts in outer space. Confronted by
this reaction, Moscow, after the erection of the Berlin Wall, relaxed
its pressure in central Europe.
Instead, the Russians now sought to install nuclear missiles in Cuba.
When this was discovered by air reconnaissance in October 1962, Kennedy
imposed a quarantine on all offensive weapons bound for Cuba. While the
world trembled on the brink of nuclear war, the Russians backed down and
agreed to take the missiles away. The American response to the Cuban
crisis evidently persuaded Moscow of the futility of nuclear blackmail.
Kennedy now contended that both sides had a vital interest in stopping
the spread of nuclear weapons and slowing the arms race--a contention
which led to the test ban treaty of 1963. The months after the Cuban
crisis showed significant progress toward his goal of "a world of law
and free choice, banishing the world of war and coercion." His
administration thus saw the beginning of new hope for both the equal
rights of Americans and the peace of the world.
The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The
Presidents of the United States of America,” by Michael Beschloss and
Hugh Sidey. Copyright 2009 by the White House Historical Association.
The White House.
First Center Director, July 1, 1960 - Jan. 27, 1970
Wernher
von Braun (1912–1977) was one of the most important rocket
developers and champions of space exploration during the period
between the 1930s and the 1970s. As a youth he became enamored
with the possibilities of space exploration by reading the science
fiction of Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, and from the science fact
writings of Hermann Oberth, whose 1923 classic study, Die Rakete
zu den Planetenräumen (By Rocket to Space), prompted young
von Braun to master calculus and trigonometry so he could understand
the physics of rocketry. From his teenage years, von Braun had
held a keen interest in space flight, becoming involved in the
German rocket society, Verein fur Raumschiffarht (VfR), as early
as 1929. As a means of furthering his desire to build large and
capable rockets, in 1932 he went to work for the German army to
develop ballistic missiles. While engaged in this work, von Braun
received a Ph.D. in physics on July 27, 1934.
Von Braun is well known as the leader of what has been called
the “rocket team” which developed the V–2 ballistic
missile for the Nazis during World War II. The V–2s were
manufactured at a forced labor factory called Mittelwerk. Scholars
are still reassessing his role in these controversial activities.
Click for details.
The
brainchild of von Braun’s rocket team operating at a secret
laboratory at Peenemünde on the Baltic coast, the V–2
rocket was the immediate antecedent of those used in space exploration
programs in the United States and the Soviet Union. A liquid propellant
missile extending some 46 feet in length and weighing 27,000 pounds,
the V-2 flew at speeds in excess of 3,500 miles per hour and delivered
a 2,200-pound warhead to a target 500 miles away. First flown
in October 1942, it was employed against targets in Europe beginning
in September 1944. By the beginning of 1945, it was obvious to
von Braun that Germany would not achieve victory against the Allies,
and he began planning for the postwar era.
Before the Allied capture of the V–2 rocket complex, von
Braun engineered the surrender of 500 of his top rocket scientists,
along with plans and test vehicles, to the Americans. For fifteen
years after World War II, von Braun worked with the U.S. Army
in the development of ballistic missiles. As part of a military
operation called Project Paperclip, he and his rocket team were
scooped up from defeated Germany and sent to America where they
were installed at Fort Bliss, Texas. There they worked on rockets
for the U.S. Army, launching them at White Sands Proving Ground,
New Mexico. In 1950 von Braun’s team moved to the Redstone
Arsenal near Huntsville, Ala., where they built the Army’s
Jupiter ballistic missile.
In 1960, his rocket development center transferred from the
Army to the newly established NASA and received a mandate to build
the giant Saturn rockets. Accordingly, von Braun became director
of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center and the chief architect
of the Saturn V launch vehicle, the superbooster that would propel
Americans to the Moon.
Von Braun also became one of the most prominent spokesmen of
space exploration in the United States during the 1950s. In 1970,
NASA leadership asked von Braun to move to Washington, D.C., to
head up the strategic planning effort for the agency. He left
his home in Huntsville, Ala., but in 1972 he decided
to retire from NASA and work for Fairchild Industries of Germantown,
Md. He died in Alexandria, Va., on June 16, 1977.
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› Full SizePresident Kennedy at Cape Canaveral
President John F. Kennedy, right, gets an explanation of the Saturn V launch system from Dr. Wernher von Braun, center, at Cape Canaveral in November 1963. NASA Deputy Administrator Robert Seamans is to the left of von Braun.50 years ago, on September 12, 1962, Kennedy gave an address at Rice University making the case for why the United States should go to the moon with the Apollo program, an initiative he'd launched the previous year. "We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things," said Kennedy, "not because they are easy, but because they are hard.
› More on the Rice Speech
Credit: NASA
Credit: NASA
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
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