Science: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC).- TOTEM,LHCf

Hi My Friends: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a gigantic scientific instrument near Geneva, where it spans the border between Switzerland and France about 100m underground. It is a particle accelerator used by physicists to study the smallest known particles – the fundamental building blocks of all things. It will revolutionise our understanding, from the minuscule world deep within atoms to the vastness of the Universe.

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 ATLAS: Simulated production of a black hole

This track is an example of simulated data modelled for the ATLAS detector on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, which will begin taking data in 2008. These tracks would be produced if a miniature black hole was produced in the proton-proton collisions. Such a small black hole would decay instantly to various particles via a process known as Hawking radiation.

Date: 01 Mar 2006
Keywords: ATLAS; LHC; event; protons; Physics Events; Simulated Black Hole
Access: DIGITAL
Related links:
Same event in different colors
CERN Bulletin 43/200644/2006

LHCf

Large Hadron Collider forward

The LHCf experiment uses forward particles created inside the LHC as a source to simulate cosmic rays in laboratory conditions.

Cosmic rays are naturally occurring charged particles from outer space that constantly bombard the Earth's atmosphere. They collide with nuclei in the upper atmosphere, leading to a cascade of particles that reaches ground level.

Studying how collisions inside the LHC cause similar cascades of particles will help scientists to interpret and calibrate large-scale cosmic-ray experiments that can cover thousands of kilometres.

The LHCf experiment involves 22 scientists from 10 institutes in 4 countries (September 2006).

LHCf detector

• Size: two detectors, each measures 30 cm long, 80 cm high, 10 cm wide
• Weight: 40 kg each
• Location: Meyrin, Switzerland (near ATLAS)

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Gem chambers for the TOTEM experiment

TOTEM

TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement

The TOTEM experiment studies forward particles to focus on physics that is not accessible to the general-purpose experiments. Among a range of studies, it will measure, in effect, the size of the proton and also monitor accurately the LHC's luminosity.
To do this TOTEM must be able to detect particles produced very close to the LHC beams. It will include detectors housed in specially designed vacuum chambers called 'Roman pots', which are connected to the beam pipes in the LHC. Eight Roman pots will be placed in pairs at four locations near the collision point of the CMS experiment.
Although the two experiments are scientifically independent, TOTEM will complement the results obtained by the CMS detector and by the other LHC experiments overall.
The TOTEM experiment involves 50 scientists from 10 institutes in 8 countries (2006).

TOTEM detector

• Size: 440 m long, 5 m high and 5 m wide
• Weight: 20 tonnes
• Design: Roman pot and GEM detectors and cathode strip chambers
• Location: Cessy, France (near CMS)

 

 Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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