Blog dedicado a cuentos, notas de interés, actividades políticas , sociales, historia, artes culinarias, fiestas patronales, astronomía, ciencia ficción, temas del Medio Ambiente ,y del acontecer Peruano y Mundial desde otro punto de vista muy personal y diferente!!!!!
********** Blog Fundado el 03 de Enero del 2008 **********
Así recogió la prensa escrita los días previos y posteriores a la llegada a nuestro satélite la hazaña de la misión Apolo 11, y el momento histórico en el que los astronautas de la NASA aterrizaron en la Luna por primera vez
On July 16, 1969, the huge, 363-feet tall Saturn V rocket launches on the
Apollo 11 mission from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, at 9:32
a.m. EDT. Onboard the Apollo 11 spacecraft are astronauts Neil A. Armstrong,
commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar
module pilot. Apollo 11 was the United States' first lunar landing mission.
While astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin descended in the Lunar Module "Eagle" to
explore the Sea of Tranquility region of the moon, astronaut Collins remained
with the Command and Service Modules "Columbia" in lunar orbit.
As of March 1, 2014, NASA's Dryden Flight Research
Center along the northwest edge of Rogers Dry Lake at Edwards Air Force Base,
Calif. is renamed in honor of former research test pilot and NASA astronaut Neil
A. Armstrong, the first man to step onto the surface of the moon during the
Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
Image Credit: NASA
Two
generations of aerospace engineering excellence will come together Saturday,
March 1 when NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, Calif., is
redesignated NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center.
The agency's center of excellence for atmospheric flight research is being
renamed in honor of the late Neil A. Armstrong, a former research test pilot at
the center and the first man to step on the moon during the historic Apollo 11
mission in 1969.
The late Hugh L. Dryden, the center's namesake since 1976, will continue to
be memorialized in the renaming of the center's 12,000-square-mile Western
Aeronautical Test Range as the Dryden Aeronautical Test Range.
"I cannot think of a more appropriate way to honor these two leaders who
broadened our understanding of aeronautics and space exploration," said NASA
Administrator Charles Bolden. "Both Dryden and Armstrong are pioneers whose
contributions to NASA and our nation still resonate today. Armstrong was the
first person to walk on the moon. Dryden's expertise at the National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics and then at NASA established America's leadership in
aerospace, and his vision paved the way for Armstrong to take those first
steps."
The redesignation of the center, which is located on Edwards Air Force Base
in Southern California, was directed in legislation authored by Rep. Kevin
McCarthy of California's 22nd district. The resolution was passed unanimously by
the U.S. House of Representatives in early 2013, with the Senate concurring in
early January, followed by President Obama's signing it into law Jan. 16.
Armstrong had significant ties to the center, both before and after his days
as a NASA astronaut. He served as a research test pilot at the center from 1955
to 1962, amassing more than 2,400 flight hours in 48 different models of
aircraft at the center, including seven flights in the rocket-powered hypersonic
X-15. Armstrong was part of a team that conceptualized the Lunar Landing
Research Vehicle, a flight test craft that evolved into the Lunar Landing
Training Vehicle. Armstrong and the other commanders of Apollo lunar landing
missions trained in that vehicle for their descents from lunar orbit down to the
surface of the moon.
Following Apollo 11, Armstrong left the astronaut corps and became NASA's
Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics, overseeing aeronautical research
programs being conducted at the center, particularly its pioneering work on
developing digital electronic flight control systems.
Dryden, considered an aeronautical engineering genius, focused on high-speed
flight during his tenure as an aeronautical scientist with the National Bureau
of Standards. Involved in NACA research from his doctoral research days,
Dryden's first NACA Technical Report was published in 1924 and after World War
II he moved from the Bureau of Standards to take charge of the NACA in 1947.
Under his deft leadership, the NACA rapidly pushed the boundaries of high speed
flight and organized the research that led to our first steps into space. Dryden
continued with the agency after NACA became NASA in late 1958, serving as deputy
administrator of NASA until his death in 1965.
Dryden's quiet, but visionary leadership of the NACA is what prepared that
organization to become NASA in 1958, and to have an achievable plan for a human
expedition to the moon when President John F. Kennedy called for it in 1961. The
organizational genius of Dryden was at the root of Armstrong's most spectacular
flight achievements, from the X-15 to Tranquility Base.
The renaming of a NASA center is not without precedent. In 1999, the Lewis
Research Center in Cleveland was renamed in honor of Sen. John Glenn, the first
American to orbit the Earth in the Friendship 7 Mercury capsule in 1962.
A formal public ceremony to mark the redesignation of the center and its test
range is planned for this spring.
For more details on the lives and careers of Dryden and Armstrong, visit:
This photograph shows Neil Armstrong next to the X-15 rocket-powered aircraft
after a research flight. President Barack Obama has signed HR 667, the
congressional resolution that redesignates NASA's Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research
Center as the Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center, into law. The resolution
also names Dryden's Western Aeronautical Test Range as the Hugh L. Dryden
Aeronautical Test Range. Both Hugh Dryden and Neil Armstrong are aerospace
pioneers whose contributions are historic to NASA and the nation as a whole.
NASA is developing a timeline to implement the name change.
Neil A. Armstrong was born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio. He earned an
aeronautical engineering degree from Purdue University and a master's in
aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California. He was a naval
aviator from 1949 to 1952. During the Korean War he flew 78 combat missions. In
1955 he joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), NASA's
predecessor, as a research pilot at Lewis Laboratory in Cleveland.
Armstrong later transferred to NACA's High Speed Flight Research Station at
Edwards AFB, Calif., later named NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center. As a
research project test pilot over the course of seven years at the center from
1955 through 1962, he was in the forefront of the development of many high-speed
aircraft. He was one of only 12 pilots to fly the hypersonic X-15 as well as the
first of 12 men to later walk on the moon. In all, he flew more than 200
different types of aircraft.
Todavía existen escépticos que creen que todo fue un montaje, que era imposible que el hombre pisara la Luna, que todos los vídeos que mostró la NASA fueron grabados en un plató y que incluso el mismísimo Stanley Kubrick fue el encargado de dirigir las grabaciones. Disparates sin ningún fundamento que han sido refutados y explicados en múltiples ocasiones, tanto por la propia agencia espacial estadounidense como por científicos independientes de todo el mundo. Ni siquiera merece la pena discutir sobre si el Hombre llegó a la Luna o no.
El comandante Neil Armstrong se convirtió en el primer ser humano que pisó la superficie lunar, el 21 de julio de 1969 a las 2:56 (hora internacional UTC). Y desde entonces pocos más han tenido este privilegio. Exactamente 12 personas han sido las que han podido plantar su huella sobre la Luna y ser los humanos que más lejos han estado del planeta que les vio nacer. Sus nombres: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Charles Conrad, Alan L. Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchel, David Scott, James B. Irwin, John W. Young, Charles M. Duke, Eugene A. Cernan y Harrison H. Schmitt.
En este vídeo de la NASA te mostramos los momentos más importantes de la misión, desde el despegue hasta la famosa frase de Neil Armstrong cuando tocó la superficie lunar: "un pequeño paso para un hombre, un gran paso para la humanidad".
Los mejores momentos de la llegada del hombre a la Luna
Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio on August 5, 1930
and passed away at age 82 on August 25, 2012. Armstrong made history on July 20,
1969, when he became the first person to walk on the moon as commander of Apollo
11.
This photograph of Armstrong from the Apollo 11 mission was taken inside the
Lunar Module (LM) while the LM rested on the lunar surface. Astronauts Armstrong
and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot, had already completed their
historic spacewalk when this picture was made. Astronaut Michael Collins,
command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) in
lunar orbit while Armstrong and Aldrin explored the moon's surface.
Image Credit: NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
John H. Glenn Research
Center
Lewis Field
Cleveland, Ohio 44135
Neil A. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the
moon, was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio,
on August 5, 1930. He began his NASA
career in Ohio.
After serving as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952,
Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955.
His first assignment was with the NACA Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn) in
Cleveland. Over the next 17 years, he was an engineer, test pilot, astronaut and
administrator for NACA and its successor agency, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA).
As a research pilot at NASA's Flight
Research Center, Edwards, Calif., he was a project pilot on many pioneering high
speed aircraft, including the well known, 4000-mph X-15. He has flown over 200
different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters and
gliders.
Armstrong transferred to astronaut status in 1962. He was
assigned as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. Gemini 8 was launched on
March 16, 1966, and Armstrong performed the first successful docking of two
vehicles in space.
As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first
manned lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the
first man to land a craft on the moon and first to step on its
surface.
Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Associate
Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. In this
position, he was responsible for the coordination and management of overall NASA
research and technology work related to aeronautics.
He was Professor of
Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati between 1971-1979. During
the years 1982-1992, Armstrong was chairman of Computing Technologies for
Aviation, Inc., Charlottesville, Va.
He received a Bachelor of Science
Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University and a Master of
Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California. He
holds honorary doctorates from a number of universities.
Armstrong was a
Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical
Society; Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, and the International Astronautics Federation.
He was a
member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of
Morocco. He served as a member of the National Commission on Space (1985-1986),
as Vice-Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger
Accident (1986), and as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the
Peace Corps (1971-1973).
Armstrong was decorated by 17 countries. He was
the recipient of many special honors, including the Presidential Medal of
Freedom; the Congressional Gold Medal; the Congressional Space Medal of Honor;
the Explorers Club Medal; the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy; the NASA
Distinguished Service Medal; the Harmon International Aviation Trophy; the Royal
Geographic Society's Gold Medal; the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's
Gold Space Medal; the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award;
the Robert J. Collier Trophy; the AIAA Astronautics Award; the Octave Chanute
Award; and the John J. Montgomery Award.
Armstrong passed away on Aug.
25, 2012 following complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures. He
was 82.
Born on August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio. Married. Two sons. Died on August 25, 2012.
EDUCATION:
Armstrong received a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University and a Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California. He held honorary doctorates from multiple universities.
SPECIAL HONORS:
Armstrong was a Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the International Astronautics Federation.
Armstrong was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He served as a member of the National Commission on Space (1985 to 1986), as Vice-Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986) and as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps (1971 to 1973).
Armstrong was decorated by 17 countries. He was the recipient of many special honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, the Explorers Club Medal, the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, the Harmon International Aviation Trophy, the Royal Geographic Society's Gold Medal, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's Gold Space Medal, the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Astronautics Award, the Octave Chanute Award and the John J. Montgomery Award.
EXPERIENCE:
After serving as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952, Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955. His first assignment was with the NACA Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn Research Center) in Cleveland. Over the next 17 years, he was an engineer, test pilot, astronaut and administrator for NACA and its successor agency, NASA.
He was Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati between 1971 and 1979. During the years 1982 to 1992, Armstrong was chairman of Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia.
NASA EXPERIENCE:
As a research pilot at NASA’s Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, Armstrong was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the well known, 4000-mph X-15. He flew more than 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters and gliders.
Armstrong transferred to astronaut status in 1962. He was assigned as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. Gemini 8 was launched on March 16, 1966, and Armstrong performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.
As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the moon and first to step on its surface.
Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. In this position, he was responsible for the coordination and management of overall NASA research and technology work related to aeronautics.
He resigned from NASA in 1971.
AUGUST 2012
NASA
Mission Objective
The primary objective of Apollo 11 was to complete a
national goal set by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961: perform a crewed
lunar landing and return to Earth.
Additional flight objectives included
scientific exploration by the lunar module, or LM, crew; deployment of a
television camera to transmit signals to Earth; and deployment of a solar wind
composition experiment, seismic experiment package and a Laser Ranging
Retroreflector. During the exploration, the two astronauts were to gather
samples of lunar-surface materials for return to Earth. They also were to
extensively photograph the lunar terrain, the deployed scientific equipment, the
LM spacecraft, and each other, both with still and motion picture cameras. This
was to be the last Apollo mission to fly a "free-return" trajectory, which would
enable, if necessary, a ready abort of the mission when the combined command and
service module/lunar module, or CSM/LM, prepared for insertion into lunar orbit.
The trajectory would occur by firing the service propulsion subsystem, or SPS,
engine so as to merely circle behind the moon and emerge in a trans-Earth return
trajectory.
Mission Highlights
Apollo 11 launched from Cape Kennedy on July
16, 1969, carrying Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael
Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin into an initial Earth-orbit
of 114 by 116 miles. An estimated 530 million people watched Armstrong's
televised image and heard his voice describe the event as he took "...one small
step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" on July 20, 1969.
Two hours,
44 minutes and one-and-a-half revolutions after launch, the S-IVB stage
reignited for a second burn of five minutes, 48 seconds, placing Apollo 11 into
a translunar orbit. The command and service module, or CSM, Columbia separated
from the stage, which included the spacecraft-lunar module adapter, or SLA,
containing the lunar module, or LM, Eagle. After transposition and jettisoning
of the SLA panels on the S-IVB stage, the CSM docked with the LM. The S-IVB
stage separated and injected into heliocentric orbit four hours, 40 minutes into
the flight.
The first color TV transmission to Earth from Apollo 11
occurred during the translunar coast of the CSM/LM. Later, on July 17, a
three-second burn of the SPS was made to perform the second of four scheduled
midcourse corrections programmed for the flight. The launch had been so
successful that the other three were not needed.
On July 18, Armstrong
and Aldrin put on their spacesuits and climbed through the docking tunnel from
Columbia to Eagle to check out the LM, and to make the second TV
transmission.
On July 19, after Apollo 11 had flown behind the moon out
of contact with Earth, came the first lunar orbit insertion maneuver. At about
75 hours, 50 minutes into the flight, a retrograde firing of the SPS for 357.5
seconds placed the spacecraft into an initial, elliptical-lunar orbit of 69 by
190 miles. Later, a second burn of the SPS for 17 seconds placed the docked
vehicles into a lunar orbit of 62 by 70.5 miles, which was calculated to change
the orbit of the CSM piloted by Collins. The change happened because of
lunar-gravity perturbations to the nominal 69 miles required for subsequent LM
rendezvous and docking after completion of the lunar landing. Before this second
SPS firing, another TV transmission was made, this time from the surface of the
moon.
On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin entered the LM again, made a final
check, and at 100 hours, 12 minutes into the flight, the Eagle undocked and
separated from Columbia for visual inspection. At 101 hours, 36 minutes, when
the LM was behind the moon on its 13th orbit, the LM descent engine fired for 30
seconds to provide retrograde thrust and commence descent orbit insertion,
changing to an orbit of 9 by 67 miles, on a trajectory that was virtually
identical to that flown by Apollo 10. At 102 hours, 33 minutes, after Columbia
and Eagle had reappeared from behind the moon and when the LM was about 300
miles uprange, powered descent initiation was performed with the descent engine
firing for 756.3 seconds. After eight minutes, the LM was at "high gate" about
26,000 feet above the surface and about five miles from the landing
site.
The descent engine continued to provide braking thrust until about
102 hours, 45 minutes into the mission. Partially piloted manually by Armstrong,
the Eagle landed in the Sea of Tranquility in Site 2 at 0 degrees, 41 minutes,
15 seconds north latitude and 23 degrees, 26 minutes east longitude. This was
about four miles downrange from the predicted touchdown point and occurred
almost one-and-a-half minutes earlier than scheduled. It included a powered
descent that ran a mere nominal 40 seconds longer than preflight planning due to
translation maneuvers to avoid a crater during the final phase of landing.
Attached to the descent stage was a commemorative plaque signed by President
Richard M. Nixon and the three astronauts.
The flight plan called for the
first EVA to begin after a four-hour rest period, but it was advanced to begin
as soon as possible. Nonetheless, it was almost four hours later that Armstrong
emerged from the Eagle and deployed the TV camera for the transmission of the
event to Earth. At about 109 hours, 42 minutes after launch, Armstrong stepped
onto the moon. About 20 minutes later, Aldrin followed him. The camera was then
positioned on a tripod about 30 feet from the LM. Half an hour later, President
Nixon spoke by telephone link with the astronauts.
Commemorative
medallions bearing the names of the three Apollo 1 astronauts who lost their
lives in a launch pad fire, and two cosmonauts who also died in accidents, were
left on the moon's surface. A one-and-a-half inch silicon disk, containing micro
miniaturized goodwill messages from 73 countries, and the names of congressional
and NASA leaders, also stayed behind.
During the EVA, in which they both
ranged up to 300 feet from the Eagle, Aldrin deployed the Early Apollo
Scientific Experiments Package, or EASEP, experiments, and Armstrong and Aldrin
gathered and verbally reported on the lunar surface samples. After Aldrin had
spent one hour, 33 minutes on the surface, he re-entered the LM, followed 41
minutes later by Armstrong. The entire EVA phase lasted more than two-and-a-half
hours, ending at 111 hours, 39 minutes into the mission.
Armstrong and
Aldrin spent 21 hours, 36 minutes on the moon's surface. After a rest period
that included seven hours of sleep, the ascent stage engine fired at 124 hours,
22 minutes. It was shut down 435 seconds later when the Eagle reached an initial
orbit of 11 by 55 miles above the moon, and when Columbia was on its 25th
revolution. As the ascent stage reached apolune at 125 hours, 19 minutes, the
reaction control system, or RCS, fired so as to nearly circularize the Eagle
orbit at about 56 miles, some 13 miles below and slightly behind Columbia.
Subsequent firings of the LM RCS changed the orbit to 57 by 72 miles. Docking
with Columbia occurred on the CSM's 27th revolution at 128 hours, three minutes
into the mission. Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the CSM with Collins. Four
hours later, the LM jettisoned and remained in lunar orbit.
Trans-Earth
injection of the CSM began July 21 as the SPS fired for two-and-a-half minutes
when Columbia was behind the moon in its 59th hour of lunar orbit. Following
this, the astronauts slept for about 10 hours. An 11.2 second firing of the SPS
accomplished the only midcourse correction required on the return flight. The
correction was made July 22 at about 150 hours, 30 minutes into the mission. Two
more television transmissions were made during the trans-Earth
coast.
Re-entry procedures were initiated July 24, 44 hours after leaving
lunar orbit. The SM separated from the CM, which was re-oriented to a
heat-shield-forward position. Parachute deployment occurred at 195 hours, 13
minutes. After a flight of 195 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds -- about 36 minutes
longer than planned -- Apollo 11 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, 13 miles
from the recovery ship USS Hornet. Because of bad weather in the target area,
the landing point was changed by about 250 miles. Apollo 11 landed 13 degrees,
19 minutes north latitude and 169 degrees, nine minutes west longitude July 24,
1969.
"The Eagle has landed..."
Crew
Neil Armstrong
Commander
Edwin E. Aldrin Jr.
Lunar Module Pilot
Michael
Collins
Command Module Pilot
Backup Crew
James A. Lovell
Commander
Fred W. Haise Jr.
Lunar Module Pilot
William A.
Anders
Command Module Pilot
Payload
Columbia (CSM-107)
Eagle (LM-5)
Prelaunch Milestones11/21/68 - LM-5
integrated systems test
12/6/68 - CSM-107 integrated systems test
12/13/68 - LM-5 acceptance test
1/8/69 - LM-5 ascent stage delivered to
Kennedy
1/12/69 - LM-5 descent stage delivered to Kennedy
1/18/69 -
S-IVB ondock at Kennedy
1/23/69 - CSM ondock at Kennedy
1/29/69 -
command and service module mated
2/6/69 - S-II ondock at Kennedy
2/20/69
- S-IC ondock at Kennedy
2/17/69 - combined CSM-107 systems tests
2/27/69 - S-IU ondock at Kennedy
3/24/69 - CSM-107 altitude testing
4/14/69 - rollover of CSM from the Operations and Checkout Building to the
Vehicle Assembly Building
4/22/69 - integrated systems test
5/5/69 - CSM
electrical mate to Saturn V
5/20/69 - rollout to Launch Pad 39A
6/1/69 -
flight readiness test
6/26/69 - Countdown Demonstration Test
Launch
July 16, 1969; 9:32 a.m. EDT
Launch Pad
39A
Saturn-V AS-506
High Bay 1
Mobile Launcher Platform-1
Firing
Room 1
Orbit
Altitude: 118.65 miles
Inclination: 32.521
degrees
Orbits: 30 revolutions
Duration: eight days, three hours, 18 min,
35 seconds
Distance: 953,054 miles
Lunar Location: Sea of Tranquility
Lunar Coordinates: .71 degrees north, 23.63 degrees east
Landing
July 24, 1969; 12:50 p.m. EDT
Pacific
Ocean
Recovery Ship: USS Hornet
¡Extra! ¡Extra! ¡El hombre ha pisado la Luna!
Así recogió la prensa escrita los días previos y posteriores a la llegada a nuestro satélite la hazaña de la misión Apolo 11, y el momento histórico en el que los astronautas de la NASA aterrizaron en la Luna por primera vez
Semana Mundial del Ahorro en Perú
-
Semana Mundial del Ahorro en Perú “No ahorres lo que te queda después de
gastar, gasta lo que te queda después de ahorrar”, éstas son palabras
sabias del g...
EL CUERPO DE CRISTO
-
#lamentedeCristoelprimerdia
Ef 2: 19 Así que ya no sois extranjeros ni advenedizos, sino conciudadanos
de los santos, y miembros de la familia de Dios.
Fo...
