ESA : Musa Bay, Iran .- Bahía de Musa, Irán

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/02/Musa_Bay_Iran

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Details

• Title Musa Bay, Iran
• Released 03/02/2017 10:00 am
• Copyright contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2017), processed by ESA
• Description
  Iran’s Musa Bay on the northern end of the Persian Gulf is pictured in this image from the Copernicus Sentinel-2A satellite on 13 January 2017.
  Near the centre, we can see the port city of Bandar Imam Khomeini, situated at the terminus of the Trans-Iranian Railway – a route that links the Persian Gulf with Iran’s capital, Tehran.
  The dark area to the right of the port is Musa Bay, a shallow estuary. The large geometric structures along the top appear to be evaporation ponds for extracting naturally occurring minerals from the ground.
  The left side of the image is dominated by the marshes and mudflats of the Shadegan wildlife refuge. It is the largest wetland in Iran, and plays a significant role in the natural ecology of the area.
  The area provides a wintering habitat for a wide variety of migratory birds, and is the most important site in the world for a rare species of aquatic bird: the marbled duck. The northern part of the wetland is a vital freshwater habitat for many endangered species.
  This area is considered a wetland of international importance by the Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental treaty for the sustainable use of wetlands.
  World Wetlands Day is observed every year on 2 February.
  This image is featured on the Earth from Space video programme.
• Id 372739

TAGS

• Click on the tags to find the matching images.
• Activity Observing the Earth
• Mission Sentinel-2
• System Copernicus
• Location Iran
• Keywords Wetlands, Satellite image
• Set Earth observation image of the week

ESA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
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The Earth: Ancient Alteration of Seawater Chemistry Linked With Past Climate Change

Hi My Friends: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., Scientists have discovered a potential cause of Earth's "icehouse climate" cooling trend of the past 45 million years. It has everything to do with the chemistry of the world's oceans.

Gypsum from land to sea: Iran's Zagros Mountains contain much water-soluble gypsum.
Credit: NASA
Download the high-resolution JPG version of the image. (283 KB)

Space shuttle view of Earth's "gypsum belt," which likely changed seawater chemistry.
Credit: NASA
Download the high-resolution JPG version of the image. (70 KB)

Scientists have discovered a potential cause of Earth's "icehouse climate" cooling trend of the past 45 million years. It has everything to do with the chemistry of the world's oceans.

"Seawater chemistry is characterized by long phases of stability, which are interrupted by short intervals of rapid change," says geoscientist Ulrich Wortmann of the University of Toronto, lead author of a paper reporting the results and published this week in the journal Science.

"We've established a new framework that helps us better interpret evolutionary trends and climate change over long periods of time. The study focuses on the past 130 million years, but similar interactions have likely occurred through the past 500 million years."

Wortmann and co-author Adina Paytan of the University of California Santa Cruz point to the collision between India and Eurasia approximately 50 million years ago as one example of an interval of rapid change.

This collision enhanced dissolution of the most extensive belt of water-soluble gypsum on Earth, stretching from Oman to Pakistan and well into western India. Remnants of the collision are exposed in the Zagros Mountains in western Iran.

The dissolution or creation of such massive gypsum deposits changes the sulfate content of the ocean, say the scientists, affecting the amount of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere and thus climate.

"We propose that times of high sulfate concentrations in ocean water correlate with global cooling, just as times of low concentrations correspond with greenhouse [warmer] periods," says Paytan.

"When India and Eurasia collided, it caused dissolution of ancient salt deposits, which resulted in drastic changes in seawater chemistry."

That may have led to the end of the Eocene epoch--the warmest period of the modern-day Cenozoic era--and the transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate. "It culminated in the beginning of the rapid expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet," says Paytan.

Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council supports Wortmann's research and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) supports Paytan research.

"Abrupt changes in seawater composition are a new twist in our understanding of the links among ocean chemistry, plate tectonics, climate and evolution," says Candace Major, program director in NSF's Division of Ocean Sciences.

To make the discovery, the researchers combined past seawater sulfur composition data collected by Paytan with Wortmann's recent discovery of the strong link between marine sulfate concentrations and carbon and phosphorus cycling.

They found that seawater sulfate reflects huge changes in the accumulation and weathering of gypsum, which is the mineral form of hydrated calcium sulfate.

"While it's been known for a long time that gypsum deposits can be formed and destroyed rapidly, the effect of these processes on seawater chemistry has been overlooked," says Wortmann.

"The idea represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of how ocean chemistry changes over time, and how these changes are linked with climate."

Data used in the research were collected aboard the ocean drillship JOIDES Resolution and through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).

IODP is an international research program dedicated to advancing scientific understanding of the Earth through drilling, coring and monitoring the subseafloor.

The JOIDES Resolution is a scientific research vessel managed by the U.S. Implementing Organization of IODP. Texas A&M University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership comprise the implementing organization.

Two lead agencies support the IODP: the U.S. NSF and Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Additional program support comes from the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, the Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium, India's Ministry of Earth Sciences, the People's Republic of China's Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.

-NSF-

Media Contacts Cheryl Dybas, NSF (703) 292-7734 cdybas@nsf.gov
Sean Bettam, University of Toronto (416) 946-7950 s.bettam@utoronto.ca
Guy Lasnier, UCSC (831) 459-2955 lasnier@ucsc.edu
Matthew Wright, Consortium for Ocean Leadership (202) 448-1254 mwright@oceanleadership.org

Related WebsitesIntegrated Ocean Drilling Program: http://www.iodp.org

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget is $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives over 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,000 new funding awards. NSF also awards nearly $420 million in professional and service contracts yearly.

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Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

ayabaca@gmail.com 

ayabaca@hotmail.com 

ayabaca@yahoo.com 

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IRAN (PERSIA).......................DESAFÍA AL MUNDO OCCIDENTAL LANZANDO SU PRIMER SATÉLITE: OMID

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG.,haciendo un poco de historia espacial. El espacio sideral, es el lugar que cautiva al hombre que desde la tierra aspira conquistarlo;pero para vencer la fuerza de gravedad era necesario crear la tecnología adecuada y esta se inicia en plena segunda guerra mundial entre Alemania contra las potencias aliadas, y justamente el científico alemán ,Wernher Von Braun, creó las "bombas voladoras": V1 , V2, que vienen hacer los primeros misiles balísticos que fueron lanzados contra Inglaterra,V1 14 de junio de 1,944, y la V2 el 6 de setiembre de 1,944 contra Londres; terminada la Segunda Guerra Mundial, empieza la competencia tecnológica entre Los Estados Unidos de América y la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas y Soviéticas- URSS - Rusia., y justo la URSS lanza el primer satélite. SPUTNIK I ,el 4 de octubre de 1,957; luego nuevamente la URSS vuelve a ganar la carrera espacial al enviar al espacio al primer ser viviente, la perra LAIKA, en la SPUTNIK II , el 3 de noviembre de 1,957; la carrera espacial continua y otra vez la URSS, envía al espacio al primer cosmonauta humano: YURI ALEKSÉEVICH GAGARIN, el 12 de abril de 1,961, en la nave VOSTOK I.
Sin embargo Los Estados Unidos de América también hicieron noticia con la NASA en el Proyecto APOLO, que empezó desde 1966 y terminó en 1,972, para lo cual se ensayó con 10 naves de Apolo I, al Apolo X;el dinero y la tecnología norteamericana hizo posible su avance incontenible en la investigación del espacio y rápidamente marcó distancia de la URSS, cuando el 20 de Julio de 1,969, con el APOLO XI, cuyo Modulo Lunar "EAGLE", consigue alunizar con el Comandante Neil Armstrong quien da el primer paso del hombre en la Luna , seguido de Edwin Aldrin, con esta hazaña Los Estados Unidos de América superaron ampliamente a la URSS, ya que los rusos solo enviaron naves no tripuladas a la Luna, con su Proyecto Lunik, el 31 de enero de 1,966, logran alunizar la nave LUNIK 9.
Luego de estas hazañas del hombre en la conquista del espacio, se establece un exclusivo CLUB con Los Estados Unidos de América, Rusia, China Japón y la Comunidad Europea con su Proyecto ESA, este monopolio no admite a nuevos socios por la alta tecnología y los elevados costos que demanda la industria espacial; y como siempre se asocia el avance tecnológico con el uso militar; las potencias militares dominantes se cuidan mutuamente, y cuando un país en desarrollo lanza un satélite lo ven como peligroso y mucho más si éste es un país musulmán, y éste es el caso que IRAN (PERSIA), ayer 3 de febrero de 2,009 envió al espacio su primer satélite llamado: "OMID", impulsado por el cohete "SAFIR II", con éxito, logrando entrar a la órbita elíptica sobre la tierra y puede dar 15 vueltas al planeta en 24 horas.
Esta hazaña de la República Islámica de Iran, ha puesto los pelos de punta a Los Estados Unidos de América, Israel y algunos países de la Comunidad Europea, con el argumento que Iran, ya cuenta con la capacidad para lanzar misiles balísticos de medio y largo alcance, sin embargo Iran negó todos ataques y dicen que han logrado desarrollar su propia tecnología, a pesar del embargo militar impuesto por las potencias dominantes; el temor sigue poniendo nerviosos a Los Estados Unidos de América, ya que antes Iran (Persia) probó un misil balístico "SHIHAB III" con éxito con un alcance de hasta 2,000 kilómetros; naturalmente Persia contó con el apoyo de Rusia, que dió tecnología desde 2,005 al lanzar su primer satélite de prueba "SINA 1", el 28 de octubre de 2,005, a bordo del COSMOS.3M de Rusia.
El Presidente de Iran, Mahmud Ahmadineyad, está muy feliz quien dijo que a pesar de las sanciones internacionales en que está sometida Persia, han desarrollado un satélite integramente en Iran que le bautizaron como:"OMID" (Esperanza en idioma persa).
Amigos mios, nuestro blog se regocija que un nuevo país se integre a la investigación y conquista del espacio, nosotros no distinguimos raza, idioma ni posición política de gobiernos, solo admiramos al hombre como emprendedor en la conquista espacial.
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com