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Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Mostrar todas las entradas
On November 1, 2016, passed over Indonesia, allowing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board to capture a stunning true-color image of oceanic nonlinear internal solitary waves from .
A bank of clouds covers East Java along the western edge of the image, with a bright sun overhead casting shadows from the clouds along the ocean surface. Away from the clouds, the ocean surface appears a bright silver due to “sunglint”, an optical effect caused by the mirror-like reflection of sunlight off the water surface directly back at the satellite sensor. Although sunglint washes out many features, it also reveals details about the water surface that are usually hidden from view. In this case, sunglint exposes created by the movement of currents in the ocean water.
Internal waves are generated when the interface between layers is disturbed, such as when tidal flow passes over rough ocean floors, ridges, or other obstacles. The Lombok Strait, which is a relatively narrow passageway between Bali (west) and Lombok (east), allows flow of water from the Pacific Ocean into the Indian Ocean. The bottom of the strait is complex and rough, consisting of two main channels, one shallow and one deep. Because of the variation in water movement due to the complexity of the channels and ocean interface, the tides in the strait have a complex rhythm but tend to combine about every 14 days to create an exceptionally strong tidal flow. It is the combination of rough topography, strong tidal currents, and stratified water from the ocean exchange that makes the Lombok Strait famous for generation of intensive internal waves.
Hurricane Matthew made landfall on southwestern Haiti as a category-4 storm—the strongest storm to hit the Caribbean nation in more than 50 years. Just hours after landfall, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite acquired this natural-color image. At the time, Matthew had top sustained winds of about 230 kilometers (145 miles) per hour.
Earlier on October 4, temperature data collected by MODIS on NASA’s Aqua satellite revealed that the cloud tops around Matthew were very cold (at least -57° Celsius, or -70° Fahrenheit). Cold cloud tops are known to produce heavy rainfall. The National Hurricane Center called for 380 to 500 millimeters (15 to 20 inches) of rain in Southern Haiti and in the southwestern Dominican Republic.
The interaction with land could weaken the storm somewhat, but wind patterns in the upper atmosphere and the warm water in the tropical Atlantic should help maintain Matthew’s hurricane strength for the rest of the week. The specific path of the storm as it approaches the United States is not yet certain. A direct impact on Florida or the Carolinas remains possible.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Joshua Stevens, using MODIS data from the Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) Caption: Kathryn Hansen
On September 29, 2016, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite captured this false-color image (MODIS bands 7-2-1) showing volcanic activity in the South Sandwich Islands.
Located in the South Atlantic Ocean, the uninhabited South Sandwich Islands include several active stratovolcanoes. Due to their remote location, these volcanoes are some of the least studied in the world, though satellites often catch them erupting.
The combination of clouds and ice can make it difficult to see plumes of volcanic ash in natural color imagery. Using portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that are typically invisible to the naked eye—such as infrared—enables satellites to distinguish ice from ash and clouds, or even reveal hot spots underneath a smoky wildfire.
Annotated image: NASA's Earth Observatory Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory image by Joshua Stevens, using MODIS data from the Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) Caption: Joshua Stevens
Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., la Agencia Espacial NASA, nos hace llegar la información de la gravedad de los incendios que están sucediendo en Canadá, y son tan intensos que el humo se encuentra atrapado entre las nubes.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured this image of the clouds over Canada. Entwined within the clouds is the smoke billowing up from the wildfires that are currently burning across a large expanse of the country. The smoke has become entrained within the clouds causing it to twist within the circular motion of the clouds and wind. This image was taken by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the Aqua satellite on May 9, 2016.
Image Credit: NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz LANCE/EOSDIS MODIS Rapid Response Team, GSFC Caption: Lynn Jenner
People the world over are feeling, or soon will feel, the effects of the strongest El Niño event since 1997-98, currently unfolding in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. New satellite observations are beginning to show scientists its impact on the distribution of rain, tropospheric ozone and wildfires around the globe.
One big question about the current El Niño is whether it will bring significant rainfall to drought-plagued California. Researchers studying storms and their relationship to strong El Niños believe it will.
Duane Waliser, chief scientist of the Earth Science and Technology Directorate at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and his colleagues analyzed the historical record of atmospheric rivers. These concentrated rain bands account for 40 percent of California's water supply. Their results suggest the number of atmospheric rivers California receives will remain the same, at an average 10 per year, but they will be stronger, warmer and wetter.
"Overall we'll likely get more precipitation, but maybe less in terms of snowfall," Waliser said, adding that they may contribute to more flooding.
It’s the strength of the El Niño that determines its impact on total rainfall in California, said Martin Hoerling, a research meteorologist with the Earth Systems Research Laboratory at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado. His group ran a statistical analysis of the relationship between past El Niño strength and precipitation.
"What we learned is weak El Niños don't necessarily change the odds of precipitation being much different from normal," said Hoerling. "The rare occurrence of a strong El Niño, like what we're currently experiencing, however, greatly increases the odds of a wet California winter."
El Niño's elevated sea surface temperatures shift rain patterns by affecting the temperature of the air above the ocean, which alters how winds and air masses circulate air around the planet.
The change in winds also affects the distribution of tropospheric ozone around the planet. Tropospheric ozone exists in the atmospheric layer closest to the surface and comprises ozone produced naturally and from human pollution. Ozone in the troposphere is a greenhouse gas and a health hazard. Understanding El Niño's influence on ozone concentration is important for understanding the atmosphere's response to natural variation and distinguishing natural changes from human causes.
Mark Olsen, an atmospheric research scientist at Morgan State University in Baltimore and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and his colleagues produced the first near-global map of ozone sensitivity caused by El Niño and La Niña events. Previous work showed that El Niño events cause a strong change in ozone in the tropics. Olsen's new work uses satellite data combined with a computer model to show that a smaller but still significant effect occurs in the mid-latitudes.
"El Niño is just one factor in the variability," Olsen said. "But you do see regions like the central United States where El Niño explains 20 to 25 percent of the variability."
Ozone in this region tends to decrease where El Niño-driven changes to local wind circulation patterns causes them to draw air upward. According to Olsen, it's a large enough influence that El Niño does need to be considered if you want to attribute causes of ozone concentration changes and long-term trends.
Jim Randerson, Earth system scientist at the University of California, Irvine, and his team analyzed wildfire burned area maps from satellite data to study how El Niño-driven effects change the distribution and severity of wildfires worldwide. During El Niños, the number and size of fires increases in tropical forests across Asia and South America.
"The change in atmospheric dynamics shifts the rainfall," Randerson said. "So El Niño causes less rain to fall in many areas of the tropics, making forests more vulnerable to human-ignited fires."
Shown here is the monthly average of global burned area for August 2015, produced from data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. Light blue indicates a small percentage of burned area, while red and orange indicate high percentages of burned area.
Credits: NASA
Fires in tropical forests also accelerate carbon dioxide buildup in the atmosphere and reduce air quality. Indonesia, for example, has carbon-rich peatlands that ignite as soon as the rain stops, which is what happened this fall, Randerson said. Meanwhile, Southeast Asia, Central America, and the southern Amazon have very high fire risk for 2016. El Niño tends to reduce rainfall in their wet seasons, and less rain means drier vegetation and drier air, which make forests vulnerable to dry season burning.
NASA uses the vantage point of space to increase our understanding of our home planet, improve lives, and safeguard our future. NASA develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records. The agency freely shares this unique knowledge and works with institutions around the world to gain new insights into how our planet is changing.
For more information on El Niño and NASA’s Earth-observing missions, visit:
Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., El Ciclón tropical Chapala tocó tierra en la parte continental de Yemen temprano el 3 de noviembre de 2015, el dumping lluvias torrenciales a través del paisaje árido. Las estimaciones de los vientos máximos sostenidos en el momento de tocar tierra variaron en cierta medida, pero se reportaron a 130 km / h (80,1 mph) con ráfagas a 145 km / h (90 mph), lo que es una tormenta de categoría 1 en el viento de Saffir-Simpson de Huracanes escala. Esto significa que Chapala es la primera tormenta del huracán-fuerza en el expediente que toque tierra en Yemen. Estos vientos fuertes se puede esperar que dejar daños detrás, pero por esta tormenta, el principal daño es causado por las lluvias torrenciales en una región muy seca. Mientras Yemen normalmente recibe alrededor de 4 pulgadas (100 ml) por la lluvia cada año, es probable que deje caer dos o tres veces esa cantidad. A partir de la tarde del 03 de noviembre, las evaluaciones iniciales de daños están comenzando a hacerse mientras la tormenta comienza a disiparse sobre la tierra. Las fuertes inundaciones se ha informado, incluso en Mukalla, la quinta ciudad más grande del país. El Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) a bordo del satélite Aqua de la NASA capturó esta imagen en color verdadero del ciclón Chapala sobre el Golfo de Adén, el 2 de noviembre de 2015, a las 12:40 pm hora local (0940 GMT). En el momento en que la imagen fue adquirida, los vientos máximos sostenidos de Chapala fueron 120 mph (195 km / h), el equivalente a un huracán de categoría 3.
Tropical Cyclone Chapala made landfall on mainland Yemen early on Nov. 3, 2015, dumping torrential rains across the arid landscape. Estimates of maximum sustained winds at time of landfall varied to some degree but were reported at 130 km/h (80.1 mph) with gusts to 145 km/h (90 mph), making it a Category 1 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane wind scale. This means that Chapala is the first hurricane-strength storm on record to make landfall in Yemen.
Such strong winds can be expected to leave damage behind, but for this storm, the major damage is being caused by torrential rainfall in a very dry region. While Yemen typically receives about 4 in (100 ml) per rain each year, it is likely to drop two to three times that amount. As of the evening of Nov. 3, initial damage assessments are just beginning to be made as the storm begins to dissipate over land. Heavy flooding has been reported, including in Mukalla, the country’s fifth-largest city.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite captured this true-color image of Cyclone Chapala over the Gulf of Aden on Nov. 2, 2015, at 12:40 p.m. local time (0940 UTC). At the time the image was acquired, Chapala’s maximum sustained winds were 120 mph (195 km/h), the equivalent of a Category 3 hurricane.
Hola mis amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., A medida que elHemisferio Norteexperimentael calor delverano,el hielose muevey se deshace enlasaguas del Árticoy las tierrasmás al norteque lo rodean.ElModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)a bordo del satéliteAqua de la NASAcaptó estaimagen en color verdaderodehielo del marde Groenlandiael 16 de juliode 2015.
Grandestrozos dederretimiento del hielo marinose pueden ver enel hielo del marfrente a la costa,ylas espiralesal surdehielohan sido moldeadas porlosvientos y las corrientesque se muevena través del Marde Groenlandia.A lo largo dela costade Groenlandia, el frío, el aguafrescafusiónde los glaciaresfluyehacia el mar, al igual quelos icebergsreciénparido.Aire fríodel interiorde Groenlandiaempuja elhielolejos dela costa,yla mezcla deagua fría yaire permiteun poco de hielomar parasostenerseincluso enpleno verano. Según las observacionesde los satélites,2015está en camino deser otroañode bajapara la cubierta dehielo marinodel veranoártico.Losúltimos diezañoshan incluidonueve dela extensiónde hielomás bajasde la historia.Elmínimo anualse produce normalmentea finales de agostoo principios de septiembre.La cantidad dela cubierta de hielomarino del Árticoha disminuidoya que las temperaturasglobalesaumentan.El Ártico esde dos a tresveces más sensibles alos cambios de temperaturacomola Tierraen su conjunto.
As the northern hemisphere experiences the heat of summer, ice moves and melts in the Arctic waters and the far northern lands surrounding it. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite captured this true-color image of sea ice off Greenland on July 16, 2015.
Large chunks of melting sea ice can be seen in the sea ice off the coast, and to the south spirals of ice have been shaped by the winds and currents that move across the Greenland Sea. Along the Greenland coast, cold, fresh melt water from the glaciers flows out to the sea, as do newly calved icebergs. Frigid air from interior Greenland pushes the ice away from the shoreline, and the mixing of cold water and air allows some sea ice to be sustained even at the height of summer.
According to observations from satellites, 2015 is on track to be another low year for arctic summer sea ice cover. The past ten years have included nine of the lowest ice extents on record. The annual minimum typically occurs in late August or early September. The amount of Arctic sea ice cover has been dropping as global temperatures rise. The Arctic is two to three times more sensitive to temperature changes as the Earth as a whole.
Image Credit: NASA/Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., hemos recibido información de la Agencia Espacial NASA, sobre que nuestra La Tierra, está nublado en algunas veces hasta en un 67% de la superficie total. Estas investigaciones han sido posible gracias a the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) y NASA's Aqua satellite.
NASA, nos detalla : Décadas deobservaciones satelitalesy fotografías de astronautas; muestran quelas nubesdominanvistasbasadas en el espaciodela Tierra.Un estudiobasado encasi una década dedatos de satéliteestima que alrededor del67por ciento dela superficiede la Tierra estánormalmentecubierto pornubes.Estees especialmente el casodurante losocéanos, dondeotra investigaciónmuestramenos del 10por ciento del cieloestá completamentedespejadodenubesen un momento dado.Sobre la tierra,30por ciento de loscielosestán completamentelibre de nubes.
Decades of satellite observations and astronaut photographs show that clouds dominate space-based views of Earth. One study based on nearly a decade of satellite data estimated that about 67 percent of Earth’s surface is typically covered by clouds. This is especially the case over the oceans, where other research shows less than 10 percent of the sky is completely clear of clouds at any one time. Over land, 30 percent of skies are completely cloud free.
Earth’s cloudy nature is unmistakable in this global cloud fraction map, based on data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua satellite. While MODIS collects enough data to make a new global map of cloudiness every day, this version of the map shows an average of all of the satellite’s cloud observations between July 2002 and April 2015. Colors range from dark blue (no clouds) to light blue (some clouds) to white (frequent clouds).
There are three broad bands where Earth’s skies are most likely to be cloudy: a narrow strip near the equator and two wider strips in the mid-latitudes. The band near the equator is a function of the large scale circulation patterns—or Hadley cells—present in the tropics. Hadley cells are defined by cool air sinking near the 30 degree latitude line north and south of the equator and warm air rising near the equator where winds from separate Hadley cells converge. (The diagram here illustrates where Hadley cells are located and how they behave.) As warm, moist air converges at lower altitudes near the equator, it rises and cools and therefore can hold less moisture. This causes water vapor to condense into cloud particles and produces a dependable band of thunderstorms in an area known as the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
Clouds also tend to form in abundance in the middle latitudes 60 degrees north and south of the equator. This is where the edges of polar and mid-latitude (or Ferrel) circulation cells collide and push air upward, fueling the formation of the large-scale frontal systems that dominate weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. While clouds tend to form where air rises as part of atmospheric circulation patterns, descending air inhibits cloud formation. Since air descends between about 15 and 30 degrees north and south of the equator, clouds are rare and deserts are common at this latitude.
Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Kevin Ward, using data provided by the MODIS Atmosphere Science Team, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Caption: Adam Voiland, with information from Steve Platnick and Tom Arnold
Hola amigos. A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., . hemos recibido de la Fundación Nacional de Ciencias de Los Estados Unidos, sobre una espectacular fotografía del Mar de Bering, que precisamente la toma da una idea como si fuesen calles de hielo, captada por NASA's Aqua satellite: Aguas de hielo, viento, temperaturas frías y mar se combinaron para creadas formaciones de nubes dramáticas sobre el mar de Bering a finales de enero de 2015....
La tundra congelada de Rusia se encuentra en el noroeste de la imagen, y Alaska nevado se encuentra en el noreste. El hielo marino se extiende desde la tierra hasta bien entrado el Mar de Bering. Durante la brillante línea de nubes blancas agua oscura en de cerca, filas paralelas. Estas formaciones son conocidas como "calles de nubes".
Ice, wind, cold temperatures and ocean waters combined to created dramatic cloud formations over the Bering Sea in late January, 2015. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite passed over the region and captured this true-color image on Jan. 23.
The frozen tundra of Russia lies in the northwest of the image, and snow-covered Alaska lies in the northeast. Sea ice extends from the land well into the Bering Sea. Over the dark water bright white clouds line in up close, parallel rows. These formations are known as “cloud streets”.
Air blowing over the cold, snowy land and then over ice becomes both cold and dry. When the air then moves over relatively warmer and much moister water and lead to the development of parallel cylinders of spinning air. On the upper edge of these cylinders of air, where the air is rising, small clouds form. Where air is descending, the skies are clear. This clear/cloudy pattern, formed in parallel rows, gives the impression of streets.
The clouds begin over the sea ice, but they primarily hang over open ocean. The streets are neat and in tight rows closest to land, while further over the Bering Sea the pattern widens and begins to become more random. The rows of clouds are also not perfectly straight, but tend to curve. The strength and direction of the wind helps create these features: where the wind is strongest, nearest to shore, the clouds line up most neatly. The clouds align with the wind direction, so the direction of the streets gives strong clues to prevailing wind direction.
Image Credit: NASA/Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUIND EL BLOG., aquí en la imagen estamos apreciando el Hemisferio Norte con los grandes lagos de Norteamérica, captada por NASA’s Terra satellite , cuya imagen se en The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Fall Colors Arriving
A few days after autumn showed up on the calendar in the Northern Hemisphere,
it showed up on the landscape of North America. The Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this view of fall
colors around the Great Lakes on Sept. 26, 2014.
The changing of leaf color in temperate forests involves several causes and
reactions, but the dominant factors are sunlight and heat. Since temperatures
tend to drop sooner and sunlight fades faster at higher latitudes, the
progression of fall color changes tends to move from north to south across North
America from mid-September through mid-November.
In late summer and autumn, tree and plant leaves produce less chlorophyll,
the green pigment that harvests sunlight for plants to convert water and carbon
dioxide into sugars. The subsidence of chlorophyll allows other chemical
compounds in the leaves—particularly carotenoids and flavonoids—to emerge from
the green shadow of summer. These compounds do not decay as fast as chlorophyll,
so they shine through in yellows, oranges, and reds as the green fades. Another
set of chemicals, anthocyanins, are associated with the storage of sugars and
give the leaves of some species deep purple and red hues.
Semana Mundial del Ahorro en Perú
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Semana Mundial del Ahorro en Perú “No ahorres lo que te queda después de
gastar, gasta lo que te queda después de ahorrar”, éstas son palabras
sabias del g...
EL CUERPO DE CRISTO
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#lamentedeCristoelprimerdia
Ef 2: 19 Así que ya no sois extranjeros ni advenedizos, sino conciudadanos
de los santos, y miembros de la familia de Dios.
Fo...
