Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta the Copernicus programme. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta the Copernicus programme. Mostrar todas las entradas

domingo, 23 de julio de 2017

ESA : Sentinel-1 captura el nacimiento de un iceberg gigante

http://www.esa.int/esl/ESA_in_your_country/Spain/Sentinel-1_captura_el_nacimiento_de_un_iceberg_gigante

Ruptura de Larsen C
 
13 julio 2017
Durante los últimos meses, un fragmento de la barrera Larsen C de la Antártida ha ido desgarrándose a medida que una profunda grieta atravesaba el hielo. La misión Sentinel-1 de Copernicus ha sido testigo del desprendimiento un bloque de hielo con un tamaño que duplica al de Luxemburgo, dando lugar a uno de los mayores icebergs jamás conocidos y modificando para siempre el contorno de la península Antártica. 
Aunque la grieta apareció por primera vez hace varios años, parecía mantenerse estable hasta que, en enero de 2016, comenzó a crecer.
Solo en enero de 2017 se extendió 20 km, alcanzando una longitud total de unos 175 km.
Tras algunas semanas de calma, la grieta creció otros 16 km a finales de mayo y continuó a finales de junio.
Además, a medida que la grieta se prolongaba iba desviándose hacia el margen de la barrera, cuando anteriormente había transcurrido en paralelo al mar de Weddell. 
 
Monitorización de la grieta
 
A principios de julio, cuando apenas quedaban unos pocos kilómetros entre el extremo de la grieta y el océano, la suerte de Larsen C ya estaba echada.
Los científicos del Proyecto MIDAS, un consorcio de investigación de la Antártida liderado por la Universidad de Swansea, Reino Unido, han estado empleando imágenes de radar de la misión Sentinel-1 de Copernicus para observar de cerca los cambios en la situación.
Como la Antártida se acerca hacia los meses de oscuridad invernal, las imágenes por radar resultan indispensables, dado que los radares pueden suministrar imágenes de los lugares más recónditos independientemente de la luminosidad y de las condiciones meteorológicas.
Como explica Adrian Luckman, responsable de MIDAS: “Los últimos avances en sistemas satelitales como Sentinel-1 han ampliado enormemente nuestra capacidad de monitorizar acontecimientos como este”. 
 
Profundidad de la grieta

Noel Gourmelen, de la Universidad de Edimburgo, añade: “Al utilizar la información de la misión CryoSat de la ESA, que incluye un altímetro radar para medir la altura de la superficie y el grosor del hielo, detectamos que la grieta tenía una profundidad de varias decenas de metros”.
Como era de prever, una sección de Larsen C de unos 6.000 km2 acabó por desprenderse, como sucede en el ciclo natural que da lugar a los icebergs. Este coloso de hielo pesa más de un billón de toneladas y contiene aproximadamente la misma cantidad de agua que el lago Ontario, en América del Norte.
“Llevábamos meses esperándolo, pero la rapidez con que ha terminado por avanzar la grieta no ha dejado de sorprendernos. Seguiremos monitorizando el impacto de este parto en la propia barrera de hielo Larsen C y en el devenir del iceberg”, indica el profesor Luckman.
El progreso del iceberg es difícil de predecir. Podría mantenerse en la zona durante décadas, pero si se fragmentase, algunas secciones podrían vagar hacia las aguas más cálidas del norte. Como la propia barrera de hielo ya está flotando, este iceberg gigante no afecta al nivel del mar. 
 
Grieta en el hielo vista por Sentinel-2A
 
Con el parto de este iceberg, se ha desprendido alrededor del 10 % del área de la barrera de hielo.
La pérdida de un fragmento de tal envergadura resulta de interés, ya que las plataformas de hielo a lo largo de la península desempeñan un papel importante de sujeción de los glaciares que discurren hacia el mar, ralentizando su flujo.
Sucesos similares ocurridos más al norte, en las barreras Larsen A y B, y capturados por los satélites ERS y Envisat de la ESA, muestran que cuando se pierde una parte importante de una barrera de hielo, se acelera el flujo de los glaciares situados por detrás, lo que contribuye a la subida del nivel del mar.
Gracias al programa europeo de vigilancia medioambiental Copernicus, los satélites Sentinel nos ofrecen información esencial sobre lo que sucede en nuestro planeta. Esto resulta crucial para monitorizar regiones inaccesibles por su lejanía, como los polos.
Mark Drinkwater, de la ESA, concluye: “La combinación de los satélites Sentinel con misiones de investigación como CryoSat resulta esencial para vigilar los cambios en el volumen de hielo debidos al calentamiento climático”.
“En particular, los datos que recibimos durante todo el año de las herramientas de microondas de estos satélites nos ofrecen información crítica para comprender los mecanismos de fractura de la barrera de hielo y los cambios en la integridad dinámica de las plataformas de hielo de la Antártida”.

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ESA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

domingo, 12 de marzo de 2017

ESA : Kamchatka, Russia .- Kamchatka, Rusia

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/03/Kamchatka_Russia

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  • Title Kamchatka, Russia
  • Released 10/03/2017 10:00 am
  • Copyright contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2017), processed by ESA
  • Description
    The Sentinel-3A satellite takes us over the Sea of Okhotsk in the Russian Far East on 15 February, where clouds blend with the ice and snow beneath from our bird’s-eye view.
    One of the fascinating features is the pattern of floating sea ice, appearing light blue. Along the left we can see cracks in the ice covering the water. In the middle/right, small pieces of fragmented ice driven by wind and currents create the swirls of blue along the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
    Located in the Russian Far East, this peninsula has a landscape covered with volcanoes due to its location along the highly active Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’. There are about 160 volcanoes on the peninsula, 29 of which are still active.
    We can see part of the central mountain range running down the spine of the peninsula, while the eastern range is mostly covered by clouds. Between them lies the central valley, appearing somewhat brown from the lack of snow cover.
    It is no surprise that the area is often referred to as the ‘land of fire and ice’.
    Owing to minimal development, the peninsula is known for its abundance of large brown bears. Other common animals include foxes, wolves, reindeer and wolverines.
    Sentinel-3 is a two-satellite mission for Europe’s Copernicus programme. While Sentinel-3A has been in orbit since February 2016, the second is set for launch later this year.
    This image is featured on the Earth from Space video programme.
  • Id 374357

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Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
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domingo, 5 de marzo de 2017

ESA : Central District, Botswana .- Distrito Central de Botswana

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/03/Central_District_Botswana


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  • Title Central District, Botswana
  • Released 03/03/2017 10:00 am
  • Copyright contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016), processed by ESA
  • Description
    Sentinel-2A takes us over part of Botswana’s Central District in this false-colour image captured on 22 March 2016.
    Rivers and roads cut through the landscape, while the bright, circular areas represent villages where the vegetation has been cleared away. Areas of thicker vegetation appear red, such as in the fields or along the bottom of the image in the Tswapong Hills south of the Lotsane River.
    On the river we can see a large reservoir with a dam at its eastern end. Completed in 2012, this dam was built to provide drinking water to the local people and irrigate some 250 hectares for a horticultural project. Last month, the dam nearly reached its capacity following seasonal downpours.
    The multispectral instrument on the Sentinel-2A satellite can provide measurements of sediment and chlorophyll content of the water and detect changes, and can therefore support the sustainable management of water resources.
    The circular structure in the upper-right corner of the image is a crater formed when a meteorite hit Earth up to 180 million years ago. It measures about 3.4 km across.
    Sentinel-2 is a two-satellite mission for Europe’s Copernicus environment monitoring programme. The first satellite, Sentinel-2A, has been in orbit since June 2015, and its twin, Sentinel-2B, is set for launch on 7 March.
    Follow the launch via live webstream through our website at www.esa.int/sentinel2 or join in the conversation by using the #Sentinel2Go hashtag on Twitter.
    This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme.
  • Id 373976  A VUELO

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Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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miércoles, 16 de abril de 2014

ESA : First radar vision for Copernicus


Brussels as the first image from Sentinel-1A
16 April 2014
Launched on 3 April, ESA’s Sentinel-1A satellite has already delivered its first radar images of Earth. They offer a tantalising glimpse of the kind of operational imagery that this new mission will provide for Europe’s ambitious Copernicus environmental monitoring programme.
Rather aptly, the first image shows Brussels in Belgium, the seat of the European Commission.
The European Commission leads the Copernicus programme and coordinates the broad range of services to improve the management of the environment and to safeguard everyday lives. ESA is responsible for developing the family of Sentinel satellites and for ensuring that the stream of data are available for these services.
This first image of Belgium was captured on 12 April, just one day after the satellite was put into its operational attitude, and demonstrates the potential of Sentinel-1A’s radar vision.
Since it was launched from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana, Sentinel-1A has undertaken a complicated routine to deploy its 12-m long radar and two 10-m long solar wings, as well as passing a series of initial instrument checks.
The satellite is not yet in its operational orbit, nor is it calibrated for supplying true data. These tasks will be carried out during the commissioning phase, which will take about three months to complete. This preliminary set of images simply offer a taster of what’s to come.
Flooding in Namibia
However, they are an extremely pleasing taster as ESA’s Director of ESA’s Earth Observation Programmes, Volker Liebig, commented, “We are exceptionally happy with this first set of images.”
He continued, “We are in very early days of the satellite’s life in orbit and ground segment operations, but these images certainly demonstrate the calibre of data this advanced radar mission will bring from its different imaging modes, and how it will provide essential data for Copernicus services to benefit us all.”
The first image, which was acquired in the satellite’s ‘strip map’ mode with a swath width of 80 km, clearly captures the dense urban environment of Brussels shown in white in the middle of the picture. Antwerp can be seen in the top left in red –blue colours and the greens depict vegetation in the surrounding areas. Waterways and low-reflective areas such as airport runways appear black.
Among other applications, images such as this will be used for urban planning, for monitoring agriculture, for mapping deforestation and for managing water resources.
This first set of acquisitions also included an area in Namibia that is currently flooded by the Zambezi river (shown above right).
 
Although commissioning has only just begun, the team tasked the satellite to image the flood as would be routine in the case of an emergency when the mission is fully operational.
The images were then available in less than an hour once they had been received by the ground station.
Sentinel-1A’s ability to ‘see’ through cloud and rain and in pitch darkness make it particularly useful for monitoring floods and for offering images for emergency response. In fact, this area of the Caprivi
Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers
 plain was shrouded in thick cloud when the satellite acquired the image on 13 April.
One of the images acquired on the same day focuses on Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica. This glacier is in a state of ‘irreversible retreat’ so it is important to keep a very close eye on glaciers such as these as they lose ice to the ocean.
Antarctica Peninsula
Another shows a transect over the northern part of the Antarctica Peninsula.
As well as monitoring glaciers, Sentinel-1A is poised to generate timely maps of sea-ice conditions, particularly for the increasingly busy Arctic waters. Images from its advanced radar can be used to distinguish clearly between the thinner more navigable first-year ice and the hazardous, much thicker multiyear ice to help assure safe year-round navigation in polar waters.
As these first images show, Sentinel-1A is already demonstrating the vital role it will play in the largest civil Earth observation programme ever conceived.
ESA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
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