Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., hemos recibido de la Agencia Espacial NASA, la información llevada a cabo por su satélite : NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), que investiga sobre la prolongada sequía que sufre el Estado de California. Y que se puede tomar cerca de 11 billones de galones de agua (42 kilómetros cúbicos), descubiertos; que servirá para recuperar la superficie de California.
NASA, nos dice.... "Tomará cerca de 11 billones de galones de agua (42 kilómetros cúbicos) - alrededor de 1,5 veces el volumen máximo de la mayor reserva de los Estados Unidos - para recuperarse de la continua sequía de California, según un nuevo análisis de los datos de los satélites de la NASA.......
NASA, agrega: "El hallazgo fue parte de una actualización aleccionador sobre la sequía del estado hecha posible por el espacio y mediciones en el aire y presentado por científicos de la NASA 16 de diciembre en la reunión de la Unión Geofísica Americana en San Francisco. Estos datos están dando a los científicos una capacidad sin precedentes para identificar las principales características de las sequías, los datos que se pueden usar para informar las decisiones de gestión ......"
NASA GRACE satellite data reveal the severity of
California’s drought on water resources across the state. This map shows the
trend in water storage between September 2011 and September
2014.
Image Credit:
NASA JPL
Feature Link:
Combining data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and
Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and other satellite observations within a
numerical model is enabling high-resolution, timely mapping of groundwater and
soil wetness conditions that are a key input to the U.S. Drought Monitor maps.
Image Credit:
NASA
Feature Link:
It will take about 11 trillion gallons of water (42 cubic kilometers) --
around 1.5 times the maximum volume of the largest U.S. reservoir -- to recover
from California's continuing drought, according to a new analysis of NASA
satellite data.
The finding was part of a sobering update on the state's drought made
possible by space and airborne measurements and presented by NASA scientists
Dec. 16 at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. Such data
are giving scientists an unprecedented ability to identify key features of
droughts, data that can be used to inform water management decisions.
A team of scientists led by Jay Famiglietti of NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory in Pasadena, California used data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and
Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites to develop the first-ever calculation of
this kind -- the volume of water required to end an episode of drought.
Earlier this year, at the peak of California's current three-year drought,
the team found that water storage in the state's Sacramento and San Joaquin
river basins was 11 trillion gallons below normal seasonal levels. Data
collected since the launch of GRACE in 2002 shows this deficit has increased
steadily.
"Spaceborne and airborne measurements of Earth's changing shape, surface
height and gravity field now allow us to measure and analyze key features of
droughts better than ever before, including determining precisely when they
begin and end and what their magnitude is at any moment in time," Famiglietti
said. "That's an incredible advance and something that would be impossible using
only ground-based observations."
GRACE data reveal that, since 2011, the Sacramento and San Joaquin river
basins decreased in volume by four trillion gallons of water each year (15 cubic
kilometers). That's more water than California's 38 million residents use each
year for domestic and municipal purposes. About two-thirds of the loss is due to
depletion of groundwater beneath California's Central Valley.
In related results, early 2014 data from NASA's Airborne Snow Observatory
indicate that snowpack in California's Sierra Nevada range was only half of
previous estimates.
The observatory is providing the first-ever high-resolution observations of
snow water volume in the Tuolumne River, Merced, Kings and Lakes basins of the
Sierra Nevada and Uncompahgre watershed in the Upper Colorado River Basin.
To develop these calculations, the observatory measures how much water is in
the snowpack and how much sunlight the snow absorbs, which influences how fast
the snow melts. These data enable accurate estimates of how much water will flow
out of a basin when the snow melts, which helps guide decision about reservoir
filling and water allocation.
"The 2014 snowpack was one of the three lowest on record and the worst since
1977, when California's population was half what it is now," said Airborne Snow
Observatory principal investigator Tom Painter of JPL. "Besides resulting in
less snow water, the dramatic reduction in snow extent contributes to warming
our climate by allowing the ground to absorb more sunlight. This reduces soil
moisture, which makes it harder to get water from the snow into reservoirs once
it does start snowing again."
New drought maps show groundwater levels across the U.S. Southwest are in the
lowest two to 10 percent since 1949. The maps, developed at NASA's Goddard Space
Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, combine GRACE data with other satellite
observations.
"Integrating GRACE data with other satellite measurements provides a more
holistic view of the impact of drought on water availability, including on
groundwater resources, which are typically ignored in standard drought indices,"
said Matt Rodell, chief of the Hydrological Sciences Laboratory at Goddard.
The scientists cautioned that while the recent California storms have been
helpful in replenishing water resources, they aren't nearly enough to end the
multi-year drought.
"It takes years to get into a drought of this severity, and it will likely
take many more big storms, and years, to crawl out of it," said Famiglietti.
NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of
satellites and ambitious airborne and ground-based observation campaigns. The
agency develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural
systems with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see
how our planet is changing. The agency shares this unique knowledge with the
global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the
world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.
For more information on GRACE, visit:
And:
For more on the Airborne Snow Observatory, visit:
For more information about NASA's Earth science activities, visit:
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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