Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta NASA Hubble Space Telescope infrared. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta NASA Hubble Space Telescope infrared. Mostrar todas las entradas

domingo, 8 de febrero de 2015

NASA : Hubble's Little Sombrero .- Galaxia Pequeño Sombrero NGC 7814

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., la Agencia Espacial NASA, nos informa que el Telescopio Espacial Hubble captó la Galaxia conocida como "Pequeño Sombrero" más conocida como NGC 7814.
Las galaxias pueden tomar muchas formas y ser orientada modo alguno en relación con nosotros en el cielo. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de averiguar su morfología actual, como una galaxia puede ver muy distinta desde diferentes puntos de vista. Un caso especial es cuando tenemos la suerte de observar una galaxia espiral directamente desde su borde, que nos proporciona una vista espectacular como el que se ve en esta foto de la semana.
Se trata de NGC 7814, también conocido como el ". Little Sombrero" Su tocayo más grande, la Galaxia del Sombrero, es otro ejemplo impresionante de borde-en galaxia - de hecho, el "Little Sombrero" es aproximadamente el mismo tamaño que su brillante tocayo a unos 60.000 años luz de diámetro, pero ya que se encuentra más lejos, y por lo que parece más pequeño en el cielo.

Hubble's Little Sombrero
Galaxies can take many shapes and be oriented any way relative to us in the sky. This can make it hard to figure out their actual morphology, as a galaxy can look very different from different viewpoints. A special case is when we are lucky enough to observe a spiral galaxy directly from its edge, providing us with a spectacular view like the one seen in this picture of the week.

This is NGC 7814, also known as the “Little Sombrero.” Its larger namesake, the Sombrero Galaxy, is another stunning example of an edge-on galaxy — in fact, the “Little Sombrero” is about the same size as its bright namesake at about 60,000 light-years across, but as it lies farther away, and so appears smaller in the sky.

NGC 7814 has a bright central bulge and a bright halo of glowing gas extending outwards into space. The dusty spiral arms appear as dark streaks. They consist of dusty material that absorbs and blocks light from the galactic center behind it. The field of view of this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image would be very impressive even without NGC 7814 in front; nearly all the objects seen in this image are galaxies as well.
European Space Agency Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA
Acknowledgement: Josh Barrington
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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domingo, 15 de junio de 2014

NASA : Hubble Eyes Golden Rings of Star Formation


Hubble Eyes Golden Rings of Star Formation
Taking center stage in this new NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image is a galaxy known as NGC 3081, set against an assortment of glittering galaxies in the distance. Located in the constellation of Hydra (The Sea Serpent), NGC 3081 is located over 86 million light-years from us. It is known as a type II Seyfert galaxy, characterized by its dazzling nucleus.
NGC 3081 is seen here nearly face-on. Compared to other spiral galaxies, it looks a little different. The galaxy's barred spiral center is surrounded by a bright loop known as a resonance ring. This ring is full of bright clusters and bursts of new star formation, and frames the supermassive black hole thought to be lurking within NGC 3081 — which glows brightly as it hungrily gobbles up in-falling material.
These rings form in particular locations known as resonances, where gravitational effects throughout a galaxy cause gas to pile up and accumulate in certain positions. These can be caused by the presence of a "bar" within the galaxy, as with NGC 3081, or by interactions with other nearby objects. It is not unusual for rings like this to be seen in barred galaxies, as the bars are very effective at gathering gas into these resonance regions, causing pile-ups which lead to active and very well-organized star formation.
Hubble snapped this magnificent face-on image of the galaxy using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. This image is made up of a combination of ultraviolet, optical, and infrared observations, allowing distinctive features of the galaxy to be observed across a wide range of wavelengths.
Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA; acknowledgement: R. Buta (University of Alabama)
Text credit: 
European Space Agency
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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domingo, 8 de junio de 2014

NASA : Grand Swirls from NASA's Hubble


Grand Swirls from NASA's Hubble
This new Hubble image shows NGC 1566, a beautiful galaxy located approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation of Dorado (The Dolphinfish). NGC 1566 is an intermediate spiral galaxy, meaning that while it does not have a well-defined bar-shaped region of stars at its center — like barred spirals — it is not quite an unbarred spiral either.
The small but extremely bright nucleus of NGC 1566 is clearly visible in this image, a telltale sign of its membership of the Seyfert class of galaxies. The centers of such galaxies are very active and luminous, emitting strong bursts of radiation and potentially harboring supermassive black holes that are many millions of times the mass of the sun.
NGC 1566 is not just any Seyfert galaxy; it is the second brightest Seyfert galaxy known. It is also the brightest and most dominant member of the Dorado Group, a loose concentration of galaxies that together comprise one of the richest galaxy groups of the southern hemisphere. This image highlights the beauty and awe-inspiring nature of this unique galaxy group, with NGC 1566 glittering and glowing, its bright nucleus framed by swirling and symmetrical lavender arms.
This image was taken by Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) in the near-infrared part of the spectrum. A version of the image was entered into the Hubble’s Hidden Treasures image processing competition by Flickr user Det58.
Image Credit:  ESA/Hubble & NASA, Acknowledgement: Flickr user Det58
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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jueves, 1 de mayo de 2014

NASA : Hubble Astronomers Use Supernovae to Gauge Power of Cosmic Lenses


Hubble's Cosmic Fairy Lights
Credit: ESA/NASA
 This sparkling jumble is Messier 5 — a globular cluster consisting of hundreds of thousands of stars bound together by their collective gravity.
But Messier 5 is no normal globular cluster. At 13 billion years old it dates back to close to the beginning of the Universe, which is some 13.8 billion years of age. It is also one of the biggest clusters known, and at only 24 500 light-years away, it is no wonder that Messier 5 is a popular site for astronomers to train their telescopes on.
Messier 5 also presents a puzzle. Stars in globular clusters grow old and wise together. So Messier 5 should, by now, consist of old, low-mass red giants and other ancient stars. But it is actually teeming with young blue stars known as blue stragglers. These stars spring to life when stars collide, or rip material from one another.
European Space Agency

Hubble Astronomers Use Supernovae to Gauge Power of Cosmic Lenses
Distant exploding stars observed by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope are providing astronomers with a powerful tool to determine the strength of naturally-occurring "cosmic lenses" that are used to magnify objects in the remote universe.
Two teams of astronomers, working independently, observed three such exploding stars, called supernovae. Their light was amplified by the immense gravity of massive galaxy clusters in the foreground -- a phenomenon called gravitational lensing. Astronomers use the gravitational lensing effect to search for distant objects that might otherwise be too faint to see, even with today's largest telescopes.
"We have found supernovae that can be used like an eye chart for each lensing cluster," explained Saurabh Jha of Rutgers University in Piscataway, N.J., a member of the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) team. "Because we can estimate the intrinsic brightness of the supernovae, we can measure the magnification of the lens."
At least two of the supernovae appear to be a special type of exploding star called Type Ia supernovae, prized by astronomers because they have a consistent level of peak brightness that makes them a reliable tool for estimating distances.
Astronomers from the CLASH team and the Supernova Cosmology Project are using these supernovae in a new method for measuring the magnification, or prescription, of the gravitational lenses. With these prescriptions, astronomers are now equipped to make increasingly accurate observations of objects in the distant, early universe and better understand the structure of galaxy clusters,including its distribution of dark matter.
The power of a galaxy cluster as a gravitational lens depends on the total amount of matter in the cluster, including dark matter, which is the source of most of a cluster's gravity. Astronomers develop maps that estimate the location and amount of dark matter in a cluster by looking at the amount of distortion seen in more distant lensed galaxies. The maps provide the prescriptions -- how much distant objects behind the cluster are magnified when their light passes through the cluster.
The three supernovae in the Hubble study were each gravitationally lensed by a different cluster of galaxies. The teams measured the brightness of each supernova, with and without the effects of lensing. The difference between the two measurements constitutes the amount of magnification because of gravitational lensing. From the final measurements, one of the three supernovae stood out, with an apparent magnification of about two times.
The supernovae were discovered in the CLASH survey, a Hubble census that probed the distribution of dark matter in 25 galaxy clusters. The three supernovae exploded between 7 billion and 9 billion years ago, when the universe was slightly more than half its current age of 13.8 billion years old.
To perform their analyses, both teams used observations in visible light, made by Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys, and in infrared light, made by the telescope's Wide Field Camera 3. Each team then compared its results with independent theoretical models of the clusters' dark-matter content, concluding that the predictions fit the models.
Now that researchers have proven the effectiveness of this method of cosmic magnification, they are searching for more Type Ia supernovae hiding behind large galaxy clusters. Astronomers estimate they would need about 20 supernovae, spread out behind a single cluster, to create a map of an entire cluster of galaxies.
They are optimistic Hubble and future telescopes, such as NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, will identify more of these unique exploding stars.
The CLASH team's results will appear in the May 1 issue of The Astrophysical Journal and the Supernova Cosmology Project's findings will be published in the May 1 edition of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
For images and more information about Hubble, visit:
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

miércoles, 29 de enero de 2014

NASA : Hubble's Double Take


Hubble's Double Take
In this new Hubble image two objects are clearly visible, shining brightly. When they were first discovered in 1979, they were thought to be separate objects — however, astronomers soon realized that these twins are a little too identical! They are close together, lie at the same distance from us, and have surprisingly similar properties. The reason they are so similar is not some bizarre coincidence; they are in fact the same object.
These cosmic doppelgangers make up a double quasar known as QSO 0957+561, also known as the "Twin Quasar," which lies just under 14 billion light-years from Earth. Quasars are the intensely powerful centers of distant galaxies. So, why are we seeing this quasar twice?
Some 4 billion light-years from Earth — and directly in our line of sight — is the huge galaxy YGKOW G1. This galaxy was the first ever observed gravitational lens, an object with a mass so great that it can bend the light from objects lying behind it. This phenomenon not only allows us to see objects that would otherwise be too remote, in cases like this it also allows us to see them twice over.
Along with the cluster of galaxies in which it resides, YGKOW G1 exerts an enormous gravitational force. This doesn't just affect the galaxy's shape, the stars that it forms, and the objects around it — it affects the very space it sits in, warping and bending the environment and producing bizarre effects, such as this quasar double image.
The first detection of gravitational lensing meant more than just the discovery of an impressive optical illusion allowing telescopes like Hubble to effectively see behind an intervening galaxy. It was evidence for Einstein's theory of general relativity. This theory had identified gravitational lensing as one of its only observable effects, but until the observation of these quasar "twins," no such lensing had been observed since the idea was first mooted in 1936.
Image Credit: NASA/ESA
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

lunes, 25 de noviembre de 2013

NASA : Hubble Sees Anemic Spiral NGC 4921


Hubble Sees Anemic Spiral NGC 4921
How far away is spiral galaxy NGC 4921? Although presently estimated to be about 310 million light years distant, a more precise determination could be coupled with its known recession speed to help humanity better calibrate the expansion rate of the entire visible universe. Toward this goal, several images were taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in order to help identify key stellar distance markers known as Cepheid variable stars. Since NGC 4921 is a member of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies, refining its distance would also allow a better distance determination to one of the largest nearby clusters in the local universe. The magnificent spiral NGC 4921 has been informally dubbed anemic because of its low rate of star formation and low surface brightness. Visible in the above image are, from the center, a bright nucleus, a bright central bar, a prominent ring of dark dust, blue clusters of recently formed stars, several smaller companion galaxies, unrelated galaxies in the far distant universe, and unrelated stars in our Milky Way Galaxy.
Image Credit: Hubble Legacy Archive, ESA, NASA
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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sábado, 16 de noviembre de 2013

NASA : Hubble Catches Stellar Explosions in NGC 6984


Hubble Catches Stellar Explosions in NGC 6984
Supernovae are intensely bright objects. They are formed when a star reaches the end of its life with a dramatic explosion, expelling most of its material out into space. The subject of this new Hubble image, spiral galaxy NGC 6984, played host to one of these explosions back in 2012, known as SN 2012im. Now, another star has exploded, forming supernova SN 2013ek — visible in this image as the prominent, star-like bright object just slightly above and to the right of the galaxy's center.

SN 2012im is known as a Type Ic supernova, while the more recent SN 2013ek is a Type Ib. Both of these types are caused by the core collapse of massive stars that have shed — or lost — their outer layers of hydrogen. Type Ic supernovae are thought to have lost more of their outer envelope than Type Ib, including a layer of helium.

The observations that make up this new image were taken on August 19, 2013, and aimed to pinpoint the location of this new explosion more precisely. It is so close to where SN 2012im was spotted that the two events are thought to be linked; the chance of two completely independent supernovae so close together and of the same class exploding within one year of one another is a very unlikely event. It was initially suggested that SN 2013ek may in fact be SN 2012im flaring up again, but further observations support the idea that they are separate supernovae — although they may be closely related in some as-yet-unknown way.
Image Credit: NASA/ESA/Hubble

NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

domingo, 27 de octubre de 2013

ESA : El cometa ISON, visto por el Hubble




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Hubble’s new view of Comet ISON
El cometa ISON, visto por el Hubble
23 octubre 2013
Esta nueva imagen del Telescopio Espacial NASA/ESA Hubble nos muestra al cometa C/2012 S1, más conocido como ISON, cuando se hizo visible en el firmamento el pasado día 9 de octubre.
El núcleo sólido del cometa todavía no se puede distinguir porque es demasiado pequeño. Si se hubiese fragmentado - algo que podría suceder a medida que se aproxima al Sol y se empieza a calentar - el Hubble habría detectado la presencia de múltiples fragmentos.
ISON brillará con más intensidad a finales de noviembre, justo antes y justo después de rodear al Sol. A medida que aumente su brillo, podría llegar a hacerse visible a simple vista. A lo largo del mes de diciembre su brillo volverá a disminuir, a la vez que pasa por el punto de su trayectoria más próximo a nuestro planeta.
Según la suerte que corra cuando pase cerca del Sol, podría dar lugar a un bonito espectáculo o desintegrarse totalmente. Una serie de observatorios y varias misiones espaciales de la ESA y de la NASA tienen previsto estudiar esta bola de hielo a lo largo de los próximos meses.
ESA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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sábado, 26 de octubre de 2013

NASA : NASA's Great Observatories Begin Deepest Ever Probe of the Universe

Image: Frontier Fields Target Galaxy Clusters
Frontier Fields Target Galaxy Clusters
STScI-PRC2013-44
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  • NASA's Great Observatories Begin Deepest Ever Probe of the Universe

    NASA's Hubble, Spitzer and Chandra space telescopes are teaming up to look deeper into the universe than ever before. With a boost from natural "zoom lenses" found in space, they should be able to uncover galaxies that are as much as 100 times fainter than what these three great observatories typically can see.
    In an ambitious collaborative program called The Frontier Fields, astronomers will make observations over the next three years of six massive galaxy clusters, exploiting a natural phenomenon known as gravitational lensing, to learn not only what is inside the clusters but also what is beyond them. The clusters are among the most massive assemblages of matter known, and their gravitational fields can be used to brighten and magnify more distant galaxies so they can be observed.
    "The Frontier Fields program is exactly what NASA's great observatories were designed to do; working together to unravel the mysteries of the Universe" said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. "Each observatory collects images using different wavelengths of light with the result that we get a much deeper understanding of the underlying physics of these celestial objects."
    The first object they will view is Abell 2744, commonly known as Pandora's Cluster. The giant galaxy cluster appears to be the result of a simultaneous pile-up of at least four separate, smaller galaxy clusters that took place over a span of 350 million years.
    Astronomers anticipate these observations will reveal populations of galaxies that existed when the universe was only a few hundred million years old, but have not been seen before.
    "The idea is to use nature's natural telescopes in combination with the great observatories to look much deeper than before and find the most distant and faint galaxies we can possibly see," said Jennifer Lotz, a principal investigator with the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Md.
    Data from the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes will be combined to measure the galaxies' distances and masses more accurately than either observatory could measure alone, demonstrating their synergy for such studies.
    "We want to understand when and how the first stars and galaxies formed in the universe, and each great observatory gives us a different piece of the puzzle," said Peter Capak, the Spitzer principal investigator for the Frontier Fields program. "Hubble tells you which galaxies to look at and how many stars are being born in those systems. Spitzer tells you how old the galaxy is and how many stars have formed."
    The Chandra X-ray Observatory also will peer deep into the star fields. It will image the clusters at X-ray wavelengths to help determine their mass and measure their gravitational lensing power, and identify background galaxies hosting supermassive black holes.
    High-resolution Hubble data from the Frontier Fields program will be used to trace the distribution of dark matter within the six massive foreground clusters. Accounting for the bulk of the universe's mass, dark matter is the underlying invisible scaffolding attached to galaxies.
    Hubble and Spitzer have studied other deep fields with great success. The Frontier Fields researchers anticipate a challenge because the distortion and magnification caused by the gravitational lensing phenomenon will make it difficult for them to understand the true properties of the background galaxies.
    For images and more information about The Frontier Fields, visit:
    NASA
    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

    domingo, 21 de julio de 2013

    NASA - NASA's Hubble Shows Link between Stars' Ages and Their Orbits


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    Image: Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae

    ABOUT THIS IMAGE:

    These images showcase the ancient globular cluster 47 Tucanae, a dense swarm of up to a million stars.
    The image at left shows the entire cluster, which measures about 120 light-years across. Located in the southern constellation Tucana, the cluster is about 16,700 light-years away. The image is part of the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) and was taken by the UK Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in New South Wales, Australia. The white rectangular box outlines the view taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
    That image, shown at right, captures close-up views of thousands of cluster stars. The large, bright stars in the image are red giants. These stars have puffed up to several times their normal size because they have exhausted their nuclear fuel and are near the end of their lives. The image was taken by Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys.
    Astronomers used these Hubble observations, along with archival Hubble data, of 47 Tucanae to accurately measure changes in positions of more than 30,000 cluster stars. Based on those measurements, the astronomers pieced together the stars' histories, finding two populations of stars that have different chemical composition and that have different motions. Understanding the dynamics of the 47 Tucanae stars can yield insights into how this cluster formed its stars.
    The Hubble image was taken between January and October 2010. The Schmidt telescope image was taken Oct. 12, 1977, and Sept. 9, 1989.
    Object Names: 47 Tuc, 47 Tucanae, NGC 104
    Image Type: Astronomical/Annotated
    Credit: NASA, ESA, Digitized Sky Survey (DSS; STScI/AURA/UKSTU/AAO), H. Richer and J. Heyl (University of British Columbia), and J. Anderson and J. Kalirai (STScI)

    NEWS RELEASE IMAGES

    The above montage includes these images:

    Image Type: Astronomical47 Tucanae — Hubble               
    47 Tucanae — Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) Image Type: Astronomical47 Tucanae — Digitized Sky Survey (DSS)

    All images from this news release:

    To access available information and downloadable versions of images in this news release, click on any of the images below:
     
    NASA's Hubble Shows Link between Stars' Ages and Their Orbits
    WASHINGTON -- Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have determined the orbital motion of two distinct populations of stars in an ancient globular star cluster, offering proof they formed at different times and providing a rare look back into the Milky Way galaxy's early days.
    Researchers led by Harvey Richer of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver combined recent Hubble observations with eight years' worth of data from the telescope's archive to determine the motions of the stars in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, which is located about 16,700 light-years away in the southern constellation Tucana.
    The analysis enabled researchers, for the first time, to link the movement of stars in the clusters with the stars' ages. The two populations in 47 Tucanae differ in age by less than 100 million years.
    "When analyzing the motions of stars, the longer the time baseline for observations, the more accurately we can measure their motion," said Richer. "These data are so good, we can actually see the individual motions of the stars in the cluster. The data offer detailed evidence to help us understand how various stellar populations formed in such clusters."
    The Milky Way's globular clusters are the surviving relics from our galaxy's formation. They offer insights into the early history of our galaxy. 47 Tucanae is 10.5 billion years old and one of the brightest of our galaxy's more than 150 globular clusters. The cluster measures about 120 light-years wide.
    Previous spectroscopic studies revealed many globular clusters contain stars of varying chemical compositions, suggesting multiple episodes of star birth. This Hubble analysis supports those studies, but adds the stars' orbital motion to the analysis.
    Richer and his team used Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys to observe the cluster in 2010. They combined those observations with 754 archival images to measure the change in position of more than 30,000 stars. Using these data, they could discern how fast the stars move. The team also measured the stars' brightness and temperatures.
    This stellar archaeology identified the two distinct populations of stars. The first population consists of redder stars, which are older, less chemically enriched, and orbiting in random circles. The second population consists of bluer stars, which are younger, more chemically enhanced, and moving in more elliptical orbits.
    The lack of heavier elements in the redder stars reflects the initial composition of the gas that formed the cluster. After the most massive of these stars completed their stellar evolution, they expelled gas enriched with heavier elements back into the cluster. This gas collided with other gas and formed a second, more chemically enriched generation of stars that was concentrated toward the cluster center. Over time these stars moved slowly outward into more elliptical orbits.
    This is not the first time Hubble has revealed multiple generations of stars in globular clusters. In 2007, Hubble researchers found three generations of stars in the massive globular cluster NGC 2808. But Richer's team is the first to link stellar dynamics to separate populations.
    The team's results appeared July 1 in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
    The Hubble Space Telescope is a cooperative project between NASA and the European Space Agency. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Md., conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Inc. in Washington.
    For images and more information about 47 Tucanae, visit:

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    NASA
    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

    lunes, 17 de junio de 2013

    NASA - NASA's Hubble Uncovers Evidence of Farthest Planet Forming From Its Star

    Image: TW Hydrae Protoplanetary Disk

    TW Hydrae Protoplanetary DiskSTScI-PRC2013-20

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    This graphic shows a gap in a protoplanetary disk of dust and gas whirling around the nearby red dwarf star TW Hydrae.
    The gap's presence is best explained as due to the effects of a growing, unseen planet that is gravitationally sweeping up material and carving out a lane in the disk, like a snow plow.
    In the NASA Hubble Space Telescope image at left, a gap can be seen about 7.5 billion miles away from the star in the center of the disk. If the putative planet orbited in our solar system, it would be roughly twice Pluto's distance from our Sun. The image was taken in near-infrared light by the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS).
    Astronomers used a masking device on NICMOS to block out the star's bright light so that the disk's structure could be seen. The Hubble observations reveal that the gap, which is 1.9 billion miles wide, is not completely cleared out. The graphic at right shows the gap relative to the star. TW Hydrae resides 176 light-years away in the constellation Hydra (the Sea Serpent).
    The Hubble observations were taken on June 17, 2005.
    Object Name: TW Hydrae
    Image Type: Astronomical/Illustration
    Credit: NASA, ESA, J. Debes (STScI), H. Jang-Condell (University of Wyoming), A. Weinberger (Carnegie Institution of Washington), A. Roberge (Goddard Space Flight Center), G. Schneider (University of Arizona/Steward Observatory), and A. Feild (STScI/AURA)

    NEWS RELEASE IMAGES

    The above montage includes these images:

    TW Hydrae Disk — Artist's Illustration Image Type: Illustration TW Hydrae Disk — Artist's Illustration Artist's Concept

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    NASA'S Hubble Uncovers Evidence of Farthest Planet Forming From Its Star
     
     
    WASHINGTON -- Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have found compelling evidence of a planet forming 7.5 billion miles away from its star, a finding that may challenge current theories about planet formation.

    Of the almost 900 planets outside our solar system that have been confirmed to date, this is the first to be found at such a great distance from its star. The suspected planet is orbiting the diminutive red dwarf TW Hydrae, a popular astronomy target located 176 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Hydra the Sea Serpent.

    Hubble's keen vision detected a mysterious gap in a vast protoplanetary disk of gas and dust swirling around TW Hydrae. The gap is 1.9 billion miles wide and the disk is 41 billion miles wide. The gap's presence likely was caused by a growing, unseen planet that is gravitationally sweeping up material and carving out a lane in the disk, like a snow plow.

    The planet is estimated to be relatively small, at 6 to 28 times more massive than Earth. Its wide orbit means it is moving slowly around its host star. If the suspected planet were orbiting in our solar system, it would be roughly twice Pluto's distance from the sun.

    Planets are thought to form over tens of millions of years. The buildup is slow, but persistent as a budding planet picks up dust, rocks, and gas from the protoplanetary disk. A planet 7.5 billion miles from its star should take more than 200 times longer to form than Jupiter did at its distance from the sun because of its much slower orbital speed and the deficiency of material in the disk. Jupiter is 500 million miles from the sun and it formed in about 10 million years.

    TW Hydrae is only 8 million years old, making it an unlikely star to host a planet, according to this theory. There has not been enough time for a planet to grow through the slow accumulation of smaller debris. Complicating the story further is that TW Hydrae is only 55 percent as massive as our sun.

    "It's so intriguing to see a system like this," said John Debes of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md. Debes leads a research team that identified the gap. "This is the lowest-mass star for which we've observed a gap so far out."

    An alternative planet-formation theory suggests that a piece of the disk becomes gravitationally unstable and collapses on itself. In this scenario, a planet could form more quickly, in just a few thousand years.

    "If we can actually confirm that there's a planet there, we can connect its characteristics to measurements of the gap properties," Debes said. "That might add to planet formation theories as to how you can actually form a planet very far out."

    The TW Hydrae disk also lacks large dust grains in its outer regions. Observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array in Chile show dust grains roughly the size of a grain of sand are not present beyond about 5.5 billion miles from the star, just short of the gap.

    "Typically, you need pebbles before you can have a planet. So, if there is a planet and there is no dust larger than a grain of sand farther out, that would be a huge challenge to traditional planet formation models," Debes said.

    The team used Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) to observe the star in near-infrared light. The researchers then compared the NICMOS images with archival Hubble data and optical and spectroscopic observations from Hubble's Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Debes said researchers see the gap at all wavelengths, which indicates it is a structural feature and not an illusion caused by the instruments or scattered light.

    The team's paper will appear online June 14 in The Astrophysical Journal.

    For images, illustrations, and more information about TW Hydrae, visit:

    For more information about NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, visit:

    NASA
    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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    miércoles, 5 de junio de 2013

    NASA - Cosmic Collision Between Galaxies

    Image of the Day Gallery




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    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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    jueves, 16 de mayo de 2013

    NASA - Black Hole-Powered Jets Plow Into Galaxy





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    Guillermo Gonzalo Sanchez Achutegui
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    lunes, 15 de abril de 2013

    NASA - Hubble Catches Dusty Detail

    Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., la Agencia Espacial NASA, nos ha enviado la información la captación de una imagen que es NGC 2768, una galaxia elíptica localizada en el norte de la Constelación  de Osa Mayor (la Osa Mayor). NGC 2768; aparece aquí como un brillante oval sobre el cielo, rodeado por una nube amplia, borrosa de material.
    Esta imagen, tomada por el Telescopio Espacial Hubble NASA, muestra que la estructura polvorienta que rodea el centro de la galaxia, formando un anudado llama por teléfono a todas partes el medio intensamente encendido de la galaxia. De modo interesante, este toque miente el perpendicular al avión de NGC 2768 sí mismo, estirando encima de y del galaxia.
    El polvo en NGC 2768 formas una red intrincada de nudos y filamentos. En el centro de la galaxia son dos motores diminutos, Formados de s simétricos. Estos dos flujos de viajes materiales hacia afuera del centro galáctico a lo largo de caminos curvos, y son enmascarados por el enredo de las veredas de polvo oscuras que atraviesa el cuerpo de la galaxia.................................

    Les invito a leer la versión original en inglés......
     This image, taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, shows the dusty structure encircling the center of the galaxy, forming a knotted ring around the galaxy’s brightly glowing middle.

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    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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    domingo, 24 de marzo de 2013

    NASA - NASA Extends Hubble Space Telescope Science Operations Contract

    WASHINGTON -- NASA is extending its contract with the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for the agency's Hubble Space Telescope Science Operations activities at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., for 36 months.

    The option the agency chose to exercise has a total estimated value of $76 million and extends the period of performance through April 30, 2016.

    The contractor will continue to be responsible for providing the products and services required to execute the science program and process, archive, and distribute the science data from Hubble. The contractor also will maintain and calibrate the onboard instruments; maintain the science operations ground systems; administer grants; conduct public and educational outreach; and conduct astronomical research.

    For information about NASA and agency programs, visit:


    Ongoing Science as Crew Counts Down to Dragon Departure, New Trio
    03.22.13
     
    Commander Chris Hadfield Commander Chris Hadfield dresses in green to celebrate St. Patrick's Day. Credit: NASA Science was the main focus aboard the International Space Station while preparations continued for the Dragon spacecraft release, now set for Tuesday, and Thursday’s launch and docking of three new Expedition 35 crew members. After their lunch hour, the current Expedition 35 trio conducted an emergency drill simulating a pressure loss.
     More than three weeks after arriving at the station, the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is ready for the trip back to Earth, now scheduled for Tuesday, March 26. Dragon's return date, originally scheduled for March 25, was postponed due to inclement weather developing near its targeted splashdown site in the Pacific Ocean. The additional day spent attached to the orbiting laboratory will not affect science samples scheduled to return aboard the spacecraft. NASA Television will provide coverage of Dragon's departure beginning at 4 a.m. EDT. 
    The actual removal of Dragon from the space station begins at 4:05 a.m., with release scheduled for 7:06 a.m. Dragon will conduct a series of engine burns to take it away from the space station with the third and final departure burn taking place around 7:16 a.m. NASA TV coverage will conclude once Dragon leaves the vicinity of the space station. 
     Dragon’s deorbit burn will take place approximately 11:40 a.m. with splashdown scheduled for 12:36 p.m. about 246 miles off the coast of Baja California. Dragon will take about 30 hours to return to port, at which point several critical science samples will be handed over to NASA for a return trip back to Houston that day. 
     Commander Chris Hadfield worked with the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) for the Coarsening of Solids in Liquid Mixtures experiment. He vented a water line in the MSG and checked the temperature and humidity inside the experiment device. 
     In advance of Dragon’s departure targeted for Tuesday morning he swapped out research gear inside the EXPRESS Rack 2. A Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA) was removed and replaced inside the rack with the older CGBA to be returned inside the Dragon commercial resupply spacecraft.
     Hadfield also took part in proficiency training answering questions for a self-assessment test as part of his role as the station’s Crew Medical Officer. He later activated and checked out the functionality of a communications unit to be used from inside the station during Dragon’s release and separation.
     Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn worked on the Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF) in the Kibo laboratory’s Kobairo rack. He installed alloy semiconductor sample cartridges then measured the insulation resistance of the heating units inside the GHF which is used for high quality crystal growth experiments. 
    He also participated in the Energy experiment that observes the negative energy balance crew members experience in space and explores exercise as a countermeasure. He then set up the Kubik gear, using the European Drawer Rack‘s laptop located in the Columbus laboratory module, for telemetry downloads. The Kubik incubator/cooler uses seeds, cells, and small animals for life science experiments.
     Veteran cosmonaut and flight engineer Roman Romanenko continued his work on an ongoing suite of Russian experiments. He copied data recorded for the Identification experiment which records the physical stress on the space station during dynamic events such as reboosts, spacecraft dockings and spacewalk. He also continued his photography for the Uragan and Ekon Earth observation studies.
    NASA
    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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    miércoles, 6 de marzo de 2013

    NASA - Hubble Sees 'Space Invader' Image


     Image of a spiral galaxy stretched and mirrored by the surrounding gravitational field, taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and combined with near-infrared observations from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. Image Credit: NASA/ESA; Acknowledgement: N. Rose

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    Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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