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domingo, 26 de marzo de 2017

ESA : Saturn’s B-ring close-up .- De cerca anillo B de Saturno

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/03/Saturn_s_B-ring_close-up
http://www.esa.int/esl/ESA_in_your_country/Spain/Primer_plano_del_anillo_B_de_Saturno

Saturn’s B-ring close-up

Primer plano del anillo B de Saturno

21 marzo 2017

Esta imagen muestra el altísimo nivel de detalle con que la sonda internacional Cassini está estudiando los anillos de escombros helados que rodean Saturno, al efectuar una serie de órbitas cercanas dedicadas en exclusiva a su observación.

Aquí vemos una región del anillo B de Saturno con el doble de detalle que lo visto hasta ahora, revelándonos toda la riqueza de su estructura.

Los anillos de Saturno están compuestos en su mayor parte por hielo de agua de muy distinto tamaño, desde partículas similares a una mota de polvo hasta rocas de decenas de metros de diámetro. Algunos de los patrones vistos en los primeros planos de los anillos fotografiados por Cassini se deben a interacciones gravitatorias con las numerosas lunas de Saturno, pero muchas de sus características carecen de explicación.

Se espera que Cassini proporcione en los próximos meses toda una biblioteca de imágenes con nuevos detalles de los anillos, que permitirán a los científicos saber más sobre estos misteriosos patrones.

Las órbitas rozando los anillos comenzaron el pasado noviembre y se extenderán hasta finales de abril, cuando empiece la gran fase final de la misión. En las 22 órbitas finales, Cassini atravesará progresivamente la brecha entre los anillos y Saturno, antes de sumergirse en la atmósfera del planeta a mediados de septiembre para concluir su increíble odisea de 13 años en el sistema saturniano.

Esta imagen fue capturada en luz visible por la cámara de gran angular de Cassini el 18 de diciembre de 2016, a una distancia de unos 51.000 km de los anillos, apuntando hacia el lado no iluminado. La escala de la imagen es de unos 360 m/píxel.

Para poder conservar todos los detalles de la imagen, esta no se ha procesado para eliminar las pequeñas manchas brillantes causadas por los rayos cósmicos y la radiación de partículas cargadas en las proximidades del planeta.

Cassini-Huygens es una misión conjunta de la NASA, la ESA y la ASI, la agencia espacial italiana. Esta imagen fue publicada por primera vez el 30 de enero de 2017.

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Details

Title Saturn’s B-ring close-up
Released 20/03/2017 10:00 am
Copyright NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute a vuelo
Description

This image shows the incredible detail at which the international Cassini spacecraft is observing Saturn’s rings of icy debris as part of its dedicated close ‘ring grazing’ orbits.

This image focuses on a region in Saturn’s B ring, which is seen in twice as much detail as ever before, revealing a wealth of rich structure.

Saturn’s rings are composed mainly of water ice and range from tiny dust-size specks to boulders tens of metres across. Some of the patterns seen in Cassini’s close images of the rings are generated by gravitational interactions with Saturn’s many moons, but many details remain unexplained.

Cassini is expected to return a library of new detailed images of the rings in the coming months, which will help planetary scientists learn more about the mysterious patterns.

The spacecraft’s ring-grazing orbits began last November, and will continue until late April, when the mission enters its ‘grand finale’ phase. During 22 finale orbits Cassini will repeatedly dive through the gap between the rings and Saturn before plunging into the planet’s atmosphere in mid-September to conclude its incredible 13-year odyssey in the Saturn system.

The image was taken in visible light with Cassini’s wide-angle camera on 18 December 2016, at a distance of about 51 000 km from the rings, and looks towards the unilluminated side of the rings. Image scale is about 360 m per pixel.

In order to preserve the finest details, this image has not been processed to remove the many small bright blemishes, which are created by cosmic rays and charged particle radiation near the planet.

The Cassini–Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA and ASI, the Italian space agency

The image was first featured in a release published on 30 January 2017.
Id 374840

domingo, 22 de enero de 2017

Cassini Ring Dive Ride Along.- Catching Cassini’s call .- Cogiendo una llamada de la Sonda Cassini.........

The recordings – some batches comprising up to 25 GB – are passed to the Cassini radio science team for analysis.

“The ESA stations are helping to acquire extremely important radio science data from Cassini, highlighting how interagency cooperation can make planetary missions even more valuable,” notes Aseel Anabtawi, from the radio science group at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Some recording contacts between Cassini and Earth will last over 10 hours, and require technically complex handovers of the signal from an ESA to a NASA station and vice versa. In addition, specialists in Darmstadt must perform very precise frequency calculations for the recording passes.

“Supporting Cassini radio science for the mission’s Grand Finale requires not only teamwork at ESA, but also deep collaboration between the agencies,” says ESA’s Thomas Beck, responsible for ground station services.

Catching Cassini’s call

This view shows Saturn's northern hemisphere in 2016, as that part of the planet nears its northern hemisphere summer solstice in May 2017

Above Saturn

13 January 2017

This week, ESA deep-space radio dishes on two continents are listening for signals from the international Cassini spacecraft, now on its final tour of Saturn.

ESA’s sensitive tracking antennas at New Norcia, Western Australia, and Malargüe, Argentina, are being called in to help with crucial observations during Cassini’s last months in orbit, dubbed the ‘Grand Finale’.

The Cassini–Huygens mission is one of the most successful exploration endeavours ever.

Launched in October 1997, the Cassini orbiter delivered Europe’s Huygens probe to the surface of Saturn’s mysterious moon Titan in 2005, just a few months after becoming the first spacecraft to enter orbit around the giant gas planet.

In addition to Huygens’ historic delivery 12 years ago on 14 January, Cassini has returned a wealth of information from Saturn’s system, including images and other data from the massive planet, its multiple moons and its hauntingly beautiful system of rings.

Now running low on fuel, Cassini will be commanded to dive into Saturn’s upper atmosphere on 15 September, where it will burn up like a meteor.

Huygens landing on Titan

As part of its final ambitious observing plan, the craft began last month making a series of 20 orbits, arcing high above the planet’s north pole then diving down, skimming the narrow F-ring at the edge of the main rings.

Then, starting in April, Cassini will leap over the rings to begin its final series of 22 daring dives, taking it between the planet and the inner edge of the rings.

ESA’s Big Iron listens in

Between December 2016 and July 2017, ESA' ground stations will work with NASA’s Deep Space Network to record radio signals transmitted by Cassini across 1.6 billion km, helping scientists to study Saturn’s atmosphere and its enigmatic rings, bringing us closer to understanding its origins.

New Norcia tracking station

Access the video

They will record signals transmitted from Cassini that have crossed or bounced off Saturn’s atmosphere or rings. Variations in the strength and frequency contain valuable information on the composition, state and structure of whatever they have passed through.

In addition, tiny wobbles in Cassini’s orbit due to the varying pull of gravity can be teased from the signals, helping to build our understanding of the planet’s interior.

First passes

The first three recording passes involving ESA stations were conducted in December, followed by two more on 3 and 10 January. Twenty more deep-space link-ups are scheduled.

“For the first few months of 2017, we’re mostly recording signals that will transit through the ring system or the atmosphere,” says Daniel Firre, the service manager at ESA’s mission control centre in Darmstadt, Germany.

“After April, as Cassini’s orbit gets lower, we’ll switch to recording signals to be used for gravity analysis.”

ESA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

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jueves, 8 de diciembre de 2016

A Day in the Life .- Saturn’s great storm of 2011 .- La gran tormenta de Saturno de 2011

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2016/12/Saturn_s_great_storm_of_2011

Saturn’s great storm of 2011

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Details

Title Saturn’s great storm of 2011
Released 05/12/2016 10:00 am
Copyright NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Description
These colourful swirls depict an unprecedented storm that played out in the northern hemisphere of the gas giant Saturn from December 2010 until June 2011.

The scene is shown in false colour and is created from 84 near-infrared images captured by the international Cassini spacecraft on 26 February 2011.

The image is processed such that blue colours indicate high, thin clouds, while yellow and white are relatively thick clouds also at high altitudes. Red and brown depict clouds at low altitude that are unobscured by the high clouds, and the deep blue is a thin haze with no clouds below. Green represents intermediate clouds.

The bright ‘head’ of the storm is towards the left; much lightning activity was recorded here. The roiling storm clouds raged through the atmosphere in a westward direction, eventually wrapping themselves around the entire planet.

At the tail-end (right) a vast swirling oval-shaped vortex is seen which is some 12 000 km wide, comparable to the diameter of Earth.

After many months, the head had caught up with the tail, and the storm began to subside.

Saturn’s storms are quite different from Earth’s, where stormy weather is rather frequent. On Saturn the atmosphere appears to be quite calm for 20–30 years at a time, and then erupts somewhat violently in months-long persistent storms like this one. Since it takes Saturn about 30 years to orbit the Sun, the repetitive nature of the giant storms may be linked, in part, to seasonal changes in the planet’s atmosphere.

The Cassini–Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA and ASI, the Italian space agency. More image details available in the original NASA image release.
Id 370239

domingo, 27 de septiembre de 2015

NASA : Moons In Hiding .- En Saturno : Lunas en la clandestinidad.- Prometeo y Pandora están casi escondidas en los anillos de Saturno en esta imagen.

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., Prometeo (53 millas o 86 kilómetros de diámetro) y Pandora (50 millas o 81 kilómetros de diámetro) a lo largo de la órbita anillo F estrecha lado de Saturno, que tiene la forma, en parte, por sus influencias gravitacionales ayudan a dar forma a ese anillo. Su proximidad a los anillos también significa que a menudo se encuentran en la misma línea de visión como los anillos, a veces haciendo que sea difícil de detectar.

More information.....

http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/cassini/pia18334/moons-in-hiding

Prometheus and Pandora are almost hidden in Saturn's rings in this image.

Prometeo y Pandora están casi escondidas en los anillos de Saturno en esta imagen.

Prometheus (53 miles or 86 kilometers across) and Pandora (50 miles or 81 kilometers across) orbit along side Saturn's narrow F ring, which is shaped, in part, by their gravitational influences help to shape that ring. Their proximity to the rings also means that they often lie on the same line of sight as the rings, sometimes making them difficult to spot.

In this image, Prometheus is the left most moon in the ring plane, roughly in the center of the image. Pandora is towards the right.

This view looks toward the unilluminated side of the rings from about 0.3 degrees below the ring plane. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on May 6, 2015.

The view was obtained at a distance of approximately 994,000 miles (1.6 million kilometers) from Prometheus and at a Sun-Prometheus-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 106 degrees. Image scale is 6 miles (10 kilometers) per pixel.

The Cassini mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency) and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini .

The Cassini imaging team homepage is at

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

Last Updated: Sept. 22, 2015

Editor: Tony Greicius

Tags: Cassini, Image of the Day, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Saturn, Solar System,

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

domingo, 9 de noviembre de 2014

NASA : Specular Spectacular .- Reflejo Espectacular...................

Hola amigos : A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., la Agencia Espacial NASA, nos informa sobre diferentes vistas captadas al satélite Titan de Saturno... NASA nos dice.............."Esta vista en infrarrojo cercano, mosaico de color captada de la nave espacial Cassini de la NASA muestra el sol brillando fuera de los mares polares del norte de Titán. Mientras que Cassini ha captado, por separado, vistas de los mares polares (ver PIA17470) y el sol brillando fuera de ellos (ver PIA12481 y PIA18433) en el pasado, esta es la primera vez que ambos han sido vistos juntos en la misma vista.............

El reflejo solar, también llamado un reflejo especular, es el área brillante cerca de la posición de las 11 en punto de la parte superior izquierda. Esto como un espejo de reflexión, conocido como el punto de especular, es en el sur del mar más grande de Titán, Kraken Mare, al norte de la isla de un archipiélago que separa dos partes separadas del mar.................

Este sunglint particular era tan brillante como para saturar el detector de infrarrojos y Espectrómetro de Mapeo (VIMS) instrumento visual de la Cassini, que captura la vista. Es también el sunglint visto con la elevación más alta de observación hasta el momento - el sol fue un total de 40 grados sobre el horizonte como se ve desde Kraken Mare en este momento - mucho mayor que los 22 grados visto en PIA18433. Debido a que era tan brillante, este destello fue visible a través de la neblina en longitudes de onda mucho más bajos que antes, hasta 1,3 micras.............

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Specular Spectacular

This near-infrared, color mosaic from NASA's Cassini spacecraft shows the sun glinting off of Titan's north polar seas. While Cassini has captured, separately, views of the polar seas (see PIA17470) and the sun glinting off of them (see PIA12481 and PIA18433) in the past, this is the first time both have been seen together in the same view.

The sunglint, also called a specular reflection, is the bright area near the 11 o'clock position at upper left. This mirror-like reflection, known as the specular point, is in the south of Titan's largest sea, Kraken Mare, just north of an island archipelago separating two separate parts of the sea.

This particular sunglint was so bright as to saturate the detector of Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument, which captures the view. It is also the sunglint seen with the highest observation elevation so far -- the sun was a full 40 degrees above the horizon as seen from Kraken Mare at this time -- much higher than the 22 degrees seen in PIA18433. Because it was so bright, this glint was visible through the haze at much lower wavelengths than before, down to 1.3 microns.

The southern portion of Kraken Mare (the area surrounding the specular feature toward upper left) displays a "bathtub ring" -- a bright margin of evaporate deposits -- which indicates that the sea was larger at some point in the past and has become smaller due to evaporation. The deposits are material left behind after the methane & ethane liquid evaporates, somewhat akin to the saline crust on a salt flat.

The highest resolution data from this flyby -- the area seen immediately to the right of the sunglint -- cover the labyrinth of channels that connect Kraken Mare to another large sea, Ligeia Mare. Ligeia Mare itself is partially covered in its northern reaches by a bright, arrow-shaped complex of clouds. The clouds are made of liquid methane droplets, and could be actively refilling the lakes with rainfall.

The view was acquired during Cassini's August 21, 2014, flyby of Titan, also referred to as "T104" by the Cassini team.

The view contains real color information, although it is not the natural color the human eye would see. Here, red in the image corresponds to 5.0 microns, green to 2.0 microns, and blue to 1.3 microns. These wavelengths correspond to atmospheric windows through which Titan's surface is visible. The unaided human eye would see nothing but haze, as in PIA12528.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The VIMS team is based at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

More information about Cassini is available at http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov.

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/University of Idaho

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

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martes, 23 de septiembre de 2014

NASA: The Odd Trio

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The Odd Trio

The Cassini spacecraft captures a rare family photo of three of Saturn's moons that couldn't be more different from each other! As the largest of the three, Tethys (image center) is round and has a variety of terrains across its surface. Meanwhile, Hyperion (to the upper-left of Tethys) is the "wild one" with a chaotic spin and Prometheus (lower-left) is a tiny moon that busies itself sculpting the F ring.

To learn more about the surface of Tethys (660 miles, or 1,062 kilometers across), see PIA17164. More on the chaotic spin of Hyperion (168 miles, or 270 kilometers across) can be found at PIA07683. And discover more about the role of Prometheus (53 miles, or 86 kilometers across) in shaping the F ring in PIA12786.

This view looks toward the sunlit side of the rings from about 1 degree above the ringplane. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on July 14, 2014.

The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 1.2 million miles (1.9 million kilometers) from Tethys and at a Sun-Tethys-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 22 degrees. Image scale is 7 miles (11 kilometers) per pixel.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.

For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov .

The Cassini imaging team homepage is at

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

ayabaca@Hotmail,com

Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

martes, 16 de septiembre de 2014

NASA : Crescent Mimas

Crescent Mimas

A thin sliver of Mimas is illuminated, the long shadows showing off its many craters, indicators of the moon's violent history.

The most famous evidence of a collision on Mimas (246 miles, or 396 kilometers across) is the crater Herschel that gives Mimas its Death Star-like appearance. See PIA12568 for more on Herschel.

This view looks toward the anti-Saturn hemisphere of Mimas. North on Mimas is up and rotated 40 degrees to the right. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on May 20, 2013.

The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 100,000 miles (200,000 kilometers) from Mimas and at a Sun-Mimas-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 130 degrees. Image scale is 4,000 feet (1 kilometer) per pixel.

For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

and

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov .

The Cassini imaging team homepage is at

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
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lunes, 28 de julio de 2014

NASA : Cassini Spacecraft Reveals 101 Geysers and more on Icy Saturn Moon

$Enceladus' geyser-active fractures$

This artist's rendering shows a cross-section of the ice shell immediately beneath one of Enceladus' geyser-active fractures, illustrating the physical and thermal structure and the processes ongoing below and at the surface.

Image Credit:

NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute

Scientists using mission data from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft have identified 101 distinct geysers erupting on Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus. Their analysis suggests it is possible for liquid water to reach from the moon’s underground sea all the way to its surface.

These findings, and clues to what powers the geyser eruptions, are presented in two articles published in the current online edition of the Astronomical Journal.

Over a period of almost seven years, Cassini’s cameras surveyed the south polar terrain of the small moon, a unique geological basin renowned for its four prominent "tiger stripe” fractures and the geysers of tiny icy particles and water vapor first sighted there nearly 10 years ago. The result of the survey is a map of 101 geysers, each erupting from one of the tiger stripe fractures, and the discovery that individual geysers are coincident with small hot spots. These relationships pointed the way to the geysers’ origin.

After the first sighting of the geysers in 2005, scientists suspected repeated flexing of Enceladus by Saturn’s tides as the moon orbits the planet had something to do with their behavior. One suggestion included the back-and-forth rubbing of opposing walls of the fractures generating frictional heat that turned ice into geyser-forming vapor and liquid.

Alternate views held that the opening and closing of the fractures allowed water vapor from below to reach the surface. Before this new study, it was not clear which process was the dominating influence. Nor was it certain whether excess heat emitted by Enceladus was everywhere correlated with geyser activity.

To determine the surface locations of the geysers, researchers employed the same process of triangulation used historically to survey geological features on Earth, such as mountains. When the researchers compared the geysers’ locations with low-resolution maps of thermal emission, it became apparent the greatest geyser activity coincided with the greatest thermal radiation. Comparisons between the geysers and tidal stresses revealed similar connections. However, these correlations alone were insufficient to answer the question, “What produces what?”

The answer to this mystery came from comparison of the survey results with high-resolution data collected in 2010 by Cassini’s heat-sensing instruments. Individual geysers were found to coincide with small-scale hot spots, only a few dozen feet (or tens of meters) across, which were too small to be produced by frictional heating, but the right size to be the result of condensation of vapor on the near-surface walls of the fractures. This immediately implicated the hot spots as the signature of the geysering process.

“Once we had these results in hand we knew right away heat was not causing the geysers, but vice versa,” said Carolyn Porco, leader of the Cassini imaging team from the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and lead author of the first paper. “It also told us the geysers are not a near-surface phenomenon, but have much deeper roots.”

Thanks to recent analysis of Cassini gravity data, the researchers concluded the only plausible source of the material forming the geysers is the sea now known to exist beneath the ice shell. They also found that narrow pathways through the ice shell can remain open from the sea all the way to the surface, if filled with liquid water.

In the companion paper, the authors report the brightness of the plume formed by all the geysers, as seen with Cassini’s high resolution cameras, changes periodically as Enceladus orbits Saturn. Armed with the conclusion the opening and closing of the fractures modulates the venting, the authors compared the observations with the expected venting schedule due to tides.

They found the simplest model of tidal flexing provides a good match for the brightness variations Cassini observes, but it does not predict the time when the plume begins to brighten. Some other important effect is present and the authors considered several in the course of their work.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team consists of scientists from the United States, England, France and Germany. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute.

Additional details, images and an animation are available at:

http://www.ciclops.org/view_event/202

More information about Cassini is available at:

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

and

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

ayabaca@Hotmail.com

Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

NASA: Tethys in Sunlight

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Tethys in Sunlight

Tethys, like many moons in the solar system, keeps one face pointed towards the planet around which it orbits. Tethys' anti-Saturn face is seen here, fully illuminated, basking in sunlight. On the right side of the moon in this image is the huge crater Odysseus.

The Odysseus crater is 280 miles (450 kilometers) across while Tethys is 660 miles (1,062 kilometers) across. See PIA07693 for a closer view and more information on the Odysseus crater.

This view looks toward the anti-Saturn side of Tethys. North on Tethys is up and rotated 33 degrees to the right. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on June 15, 2013.

The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 503,000 miles (809,000 kilometers) from Tethys. Image scale is 3 miles (5 kilometers) per pixel.

For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission

visit http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov .

The Cassini imaging team homepage is at