Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Spiral Galaxy M81. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Spiral Galaxy M81. Mostrar todas las entradas

domingo, 25 de diciembre de 2016

ESA : False-colour view of galaxy M81 .- Vista en falso color de la galaxia M81

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2016/12/False-colour_view_of_galaxy_M81
http://www.esa.int/esl/ESA_in_your_country/Spain/Brillad_brillad

                             

Brillad, brillad...

19 diciembre 2016
Una parte importante del estudio de los objetos celestes consiste en detectar y eliminar el ruido de fondo.
La imagen que hoy nos ocupa fue creada para demostrar la eficacia de las herramientas de software utilizadas para analizar las observaciones que el satélite XMM-Newton de la ESA realiza de grandes objetos, como galaxias, cúmulos de galaxias y remanentes de supernovas.
Esta herramienta en concreto modela y sustrae el ruido de fondo, algo muy difícil en el caso de objetos grandes y difusos como estos, para crear imágenes con una exposición corregida. También fusiona y suaviza las observaciones realizadas de un determinado objeto por las tres cámaras de rayos X del instrumento EPIC (Cámara Europea de Imágenes de Fotones), permitiendo crear mosaicos a partir de distintas observaciones. 
Aunque no lo parezca, la formación estelar de la derecha corresponde a la galaxia espiral M81. Por su parte, la formación de la izquierda procede de la galaxia enana Holmberg IX.
Al examinar imágenes como estas, junto con otras complementarias a distintas longitudes de onda, los científicos pueden ver rápidamente la estructura del objeto y las variaciones espectrales a lo largo del campo. La estructura de patrones brillantes contiene información sobre el origen de la emisión, indicando si procede de un ‘halo’ alrededor de la galaxia o si se encuentra restringida al disco y los brazos.
Por ejemplo, esta imagen en particular muestra una fuente puntual brillante en el centro de M81, procedente del núcleo activo de la galaxia. También se aprecia una reducción del brillo a medida que nos alejamos de la fuente central, con una emisión más tenue a su alrededor. Otra galaxia podría mostrar una emisión más brillante a lo largo de sus brazos espirales.
También se aprecia una emisión brillante procedente de la fuente de rayos X en la galaxia enana.
Los ‘rayos’ que se extienden desde las fuentes son artefactos, apreciables siempre que hay una fuente puntual muy brillante en el campo de visión. Pero es que hasta los artefactos pueden ser bellos…
El paquete XMM-ESAS (Software Ampliado para el Análisis de Fuentes de XMM-Newton) ha sido desarrollado en la Instalación de Observador Invitado (GOF) de XMM-Newton del Centro Goddard de la NASA, en cooperación con el Centro de Operaciones Científicas (SOC) de XMM-Newton y el Grupo de Trabajo de Fondo (BWG). 

False-colour view of galaxy M81

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  • Title False-colour view of galaxy M81
  • Released 19/12/2016 8:00 am
  • Copyright ESA/XMM-Newton
  • Description
    An important part of studying celestial objects is understanding and removing the background noise.
    The image presented here was created to demonstrate the power of software tools used to analyse observations by ESA’s XMM-Newton of large objects like galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and supernova remnants.
    The tool models and subtracts the background noise, which is very difficult for large, fuzzy objects like these, and to create exposure-corrected images. It also merges and smooths the observations taken of an individual object by XMM-Newton’s three X-ray cameras of the European Photon Imaging Camera instrument, and to allow the mosaicking of multiple observations. 
    It certainly does not look like it, but the star-like feature on the right corresponds to spiral galaxy M81. Similarly, the feature on the left arises from the Holmberg IX dwarf galaxy.
    By examining images like these, along with complementary images taken at other wavelengths, scientists can get a quick look at the structure of the object and the spectral variations across the field. The structure of the bright patterns contains information about the origin of the emission, such as whether it comes from a ‘halo’ around the galaxy, or is confined to the disc and arms.
    For example, this particular image shows that there is a bright point source at the centre of M81, resulting from the galaxy’s active core. There is also a decrease of brightness away from the central source, with fainter extended emission around it. Another galaxy might display brighter emission along its spiral arms.
    Bright emission is also apparent from the X-ray source in the dwarf galaxy.
    The ‘rays’ extending from the point sources are artefacts, seen whenever there is a very bright point source in the field of view. But even artefacts can be beautiful…
    The XMM-Newton Extended Source Analysis Software package (XMM-ESAS) was developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre XMM-Newton Guest Observer Facility (GOF) in cooperation with the XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre and the Background Working Group.
  • Id 370916

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Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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viernes, 2 de mayo de 2014

NASA : Spiral Galaxy M81


Spiral Galaxy M81
M81 is a spiral galaxy about 12 million light years away that is both relatively large in the sky and bright, making it a frequent target for both amateur and professional astronomers.
This image is part of a "quartet of galaxies" collaboration of professional and amateur astronomers that combines optical data from amateur telescopes with data from the archives of NASA missions. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., controls Chandra's science and flight operations.
Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: Detlef Hartmann; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
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jueves, 24 de abril de 2014

NASA : Professional and Amateur Astronomers Join Forces


Professional and Amateur Astronomers Join Forces
Long before the term "citizen science" was coined, the field of astronomy has benefited from countless men and women who study the sky in their spare time. These amateur astronomers devote hours exploring the cosmos through a variety of telescopes that they acquire, maintain, and improve on their own. Some of these amateur astronomers specialize in capturing what is seen through their telescopes in images and are astrophotographers.
What happens when the work of amateur astronomers and astrophotographers is combined with the data from some of the world's most sophisticated space telescopes? Collaborations between professional and amateur astronomers reveal the possibilities and are intended to raise interest and awareness among the community of the wealth of data publicly available in NASA's various mission archives. This effort is particularly appropriate for this month because April marks Global Astronomy Month, the world's largest global celebration of astronomy.
The images in this quartet of galaxies represent a sample of composites created with X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and optical data collected by an amateur astronomer. In these images, the X-rays from Chandra are shown in pink, infrared emission from Spitzer is red, and the optical data are in red, green, and blue. The two astrophotographers who donated their images for these four images -- Detlef Hartmann and Rolf Olsen -- used their personal telescopes of 17.5 inches and 10 inches in diameter respectively. More details on how these images were made can be found in this blog post.
Starting in the upper left and moving clockwise, the galaxies are M101 (the "Pinwheel Galaxy"), M81, Centaurus A, and M51 (the "Whirlpool Galaxy"). M101 is a spiral galaxy like our Milky Way, but about 70% bigger. It is located about 21 million light years from Earth. M81 is a spiral galaxy about 12 million light years away that is both relatively large in the sky and bright, making it a frequent target for both amateur and professional astronomers. Centaurus A is the fifth brightest galaxy in the sky -- making it an ideal target for amateur astronomers -- and is famous for the dust lane across its middle and a giant jet blasting away from the supermassive black hole at its center. Finally, M51 is another spiral galaxy, about 30 million light years away, that is in the process of merging with a smaller galaxy seen to its upper left.
For many amateur astronomers and astrophotographers, a main goal of their efforts is to observe and share the wonders of the Universe. However, the long exposures of these objects may help to reveal phenomena that may otherwise be missed in the relatively short snapshots taken by major telescopes, which are tightly scheduled and often oversubscribed by professional astronomers. Therefore, projects like this Astro Pro-Am collaboration might prove useful not only for producing spectacular images, but also contributing to the knowledge of what is happening in each of these cosmic vistas.
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., controls Chandra's science and flight operations.
Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: Detlef Hartmann; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

viernes, 29 de noviembre de 2013

NASA : Black Holes Have Simple Feeding Habits


Black Holes Have Simple Feeding Habits
At the center of spiral galaxy M81 is a supermassive black hole about 70 million times more massive than our sun.
A study using data from Chandra and ground-based telescopes, combined with detailed theoretical models, shows that the supermassive black hole in M81 feeds just like stellar mass black holes, with masses of only about ten times that of the sun. This discovery supports Einstein's relativity theory that states black holes of all sizes have similar properties.
Image Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Wisconsin/D.Pooley & CfA/A.Zezas; Optical: NASA/ESA/CfA/A.Zezas; UV: NASA/JPL-Caltech/CfA/J.Huchra et al.; IR: NASA/JPL-Caltech/CfA
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
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