Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta THE BRAIN. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta THE BRAIN. Mostrar todas las entradas

viernes, 29 de enero de 2016

NSF: Social interactions and the brain .- Las interacciones sociales y el cerebro


http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/science_nation/socialbrains.jsp?WT.mc_id=USNSF_51

Social interactions and the brain

Multidisciplinary team investigates brain function during social interaction, down to each neuron
Many animals, from insects to humans, are social. Their brains have evolved to be sensitive to sensory cues that carry social information, such as: speech sounds, pheromones and visual cues. But very little is known about how animal brains process and integrate this information.
With support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), neuroscientist Mala Murthy and a multidisciplinary team at Princeton University want to understand what happens in the brain when animals process information, communicate and socialize. The team is using courtship and mating behavior of fruit flies as an experimental system to reveal how sensory input is processed and integrated with information about a fly's internal state to produce social behavior.
Murthy says what the researchers are learning will contribute to a better understanding of interaction and communication in many animals, including humans.
The research in this episode was supported by NSF award #1451197, Closing the Loop on Social Behaviors, From Mathematical Models to Neural Circuit Dynamics.
 
Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations presented in this material are only those of the presenter grantee/researcher, author, or agency employee; and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
 
neurons of a mouse brain
Our brain cells, called neurons, work together to produce every memory, thought, behavior and sensation. The human brain has 80 to 100 billion neurons--each of which transmits and receives signals to and from thousands of other neurons. To fully understand how the brain functions, scientists research how these neural circuits work. Find out more in this discovery.
Credit: Parijat Sengupta, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
CT scan of human brain
How does sleep affect individual memories? How do brain cells connect to form meaningful networks? How is a word like "chair" conceptualized in the mind? To support potentially transformative research in neural and cognitive systems, NSF has awarded 16 grants to multidisciplinary teams from across the United States. Find out more in this news release.
Credit: Aude Oliva, MIT
Related Links
The Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (IOS) of the Biological Sciences Directorate supports research aimed at improving understanding of organisms as integrated units of biological organization. The goal is to predict why organisms are structured the way they are, and function as they do.
The society you live in can shape the complexity of your brain. For vertebrate animals like humans, and even birds and fish, there is a lot of support for the idea that our complex brains developed along with complex societies. Sean O'Donnell, a professor at Drexel University, explains how his lab studied whether this same pattern holds true for social insects--specifically, wasps.
January 25, 2016

Social interactions and the brain

Multidisciplinary team investigates brain function during social interaction, down to each neuron
Many animals, from insects to humans, are social. Their brains have evolved to be sensitive to sensory cues that carry social information, such as: speech sounds, pheromones and visual cues. But very little is known about how animal brains process and integrate this information.
With support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), neuroscientist Mala Murthy and a multidisciplinary team at Princeton University want to understand what happens in the brain when animals process information, communicate and socialize. The team is using courtship and mating behavior of fruit flies as an experimental system to reveal how sensory input is processed and integrated with information about a fly's internal state to produce social behavior.
Murthy says what the researchers are learning will contribute to a better understanding of interaction and communication in many animals, including humans.
The research in this episode was supported by NSF award #1451197, Closing the Loop on Social Behaviors, From Mathematical Models to Neural Circuit Dynamics.
 
Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations presented in this material are only those of the presenter grantee/researcher, author, or agency employee; and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
 
the National Science Foundation (NSF)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

domingo, 1 de noviembre de 2015

NSF : Speeding up extreme big brain data analysis .- Acelerar el análisis de los datos estremos del cerebro grande

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., la Fundación Nacional de Ciencias de Los Estados Unidos, nos alcanza la información sobre un análisis extremo de un cerebro grande; ellos nos dicen que :
"Es difícil desentrañar los misterios del cerebro cuando el equipo se congela.

Para ayudar a los investigadores del cerebro frustrados, un equipo multidisciplinario de científicos de la Universidad de Utah ha creado un método más rápido para generar y explorar de alta resolución, imágenes en 3-D del cerebro.

Alessandra Angelucci, neurocientífico del Centro Oftalmológico Moran en el Departamento de Oftalmología de Utah cuya investigación es financiada por la National Science Foundation (NSF), dice que la herramienta permite a ella ya sus colegas a visualizar mejor las complejas conexiones entre las neuronas.

"Sabemos que la función cerebral surge de la actividad de las redes neuronales", dice Angelucci. "Para entender cómo funciona el cerebro, lo que necesitamos saber cómo es por cable."
More inforamtion....

Interactive software tool lets brain researchers explore large-scale, high-res imaging to better understand connections in the brain
screenshot of tool that maps connections between neurons with an image of a macaque brain
Big data visualization tools are vital to advance our understanding of the brain.
Credit and Larger Version
October 26, 2015

It's tough to unravel the mysteries of the brain when your computer is frozen.
To aid frustrated brain researchers, a multidisciplinary team of scientists at the University of Utah has created a faster method for generating and exploring high-resolution, 3-D images of the brain.
Alessandra Angelucci, a neuroscientist with the Moran Eye Center at Utah's Ophthalmology Department whose research is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), says the tool allows her and her colleagues to better visualize the complex connections between neurons.
"We know that brain function emerges from the activity of neural networks," Angelucci says. "To understand how the brain works, we need to know how it is wired."
The work by the Utah team is part of a movement across the scientific community to come up with new ways to use and analyze information. Scientific instruments ranging from brain scanners, to microscopes, to telescopes are increasingly improving and generating larger amounts of high-quality data, creating the need for more efficient data-processing approaches.
"This is really an extreme big data project," says Cameron Christensen, a Utah computer scientist on a team led by Valerio Pascucci at the SCI Institute at Utah, who created the new method at the Center for Extreme Data Management Analysis and Visualization. Pascucci and his team are funded by NSF's PetaApps program, designed to accelerate discovery through petascale simulations and analysis.
"We're living in a time of extreme big data. This tool could have applications for astronomy, climate change and other fields," says Christensen.
Big data tools are vital to advance our understanding of the brain, universe and other topics, as evidenced by national efforts such as The BRAIN Initiative.

New method

The tool is a new twist on an existing technology.
The technology, known as Visualization Streams for Ultimate Scalability (ViSUS), turns massive quantities of digital data into visual information that the human mind can understand. ViSUS has been used for years in several different areas of research, including clean energy simulations on high performance computing platforms.
The software processes terascale-sized datasets in a way that allows researchers to explore the images interactively. The typical laptop has about 4-15 gigabytes of memory. One terabyte has 1,000 times that much. That's doable for a supercomputer, but not a grad student's Mac.
"Previously, if you wanted to interact with this volume of data, you couldn't. Everything would freeze," Christensen says.
Think of the desk-smacking frustration involved in trying to open an image file 1,000 times greater than your computer can handle.
This is a frustration brain researchers know well.
A whole mouse brain is about 31 terabytes of imaging data. That is same amount of data as about 32 million digital photographs.
The visual cortex of the macaque brain, which Angelucci studies, is 318 terabytes.
"We call these 'terror-bytes,'" said Terry Sejnowski of the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, a computational neuroscientist who moderated the Society for Neuroscience press conference at which the findings were announced.
The new approach developed by Pascucci's team to handle these terror-bytes is hierarchical, loading images of increasing resolution as the user clicks to see more details.
"It's a little like Google Maps, where you zoom in and in. Except with our technique, you don't reload all the data each time. You only download the differences between levels, so it's faster and requires less memory," he says. "Therefore, it opens the possibility of dealing with 3-D microscopy volumes instead of just 2-D maps."

Millimeters of brain

Angelucci and her colleagues used the technology to stream 3-D images of a primate's visual cortex.
They paired this tool with a neuroscience technique called CLARITY, which makes surrounding brain tissue transparent. (CLARITY was developed by NSF-funded researchers in 2013.)
"The development of CLARITY made our lives much easier," said postdoctoral fellow and neuroscientist Frederick Federer, who works with Angelucci. "But the datasets couldn't load on our computers."
The team is now developing automated ways to trace the connections between neurons in the images, and to make the new interface accessible for other researchers.
"New biological techniques paired with computational approaches are opening up new multidisciplinary opportunities to advance brain research," Federer says.
-NSF-
Media Contacts Sarah Bates, NSF, (703) 292-7738, sabates@nsf.gov
Related WebsitesNSF Understanding the Brain: http://nsf.gov/brain
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2015, its budget is $7.3 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 48,000 competitive proposals for funding, and makes about 11,000 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $626 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: http://www.nsf.gov
NSF News:
 http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media:
 http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics:
 http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/
Awards Searches:

vsiualizations of different brains
Researchers paired the tool with the CLARITY technique for 3-D brain visualization.
Credit and Larger Version
mouse brain next to a penny  and a macaque brain comparing volume data sizes
A whole mouse brain is about 31 terabytes of imaging data, about 32 million digital photographs.
Credit and Larger Version
woman standing next to wall of screens.
The ViSUS technology provides a faster way to view, align and annotate terabyte-scale data.
Credit and Larger Version
neurons in a primate brain
The tool is a new twist on an existing software technology.
Credit and Larger Version
The National Science Foundation (NSF) 
 Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com 
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

domingo, 18 de enero de 2015

nsf.gov - National Science Foundation - Bigger is better for brain tissue understanding .- Más grande es mejor para comprender el tejido cerebral

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., hemos recibido de la Fundación Nacional de Ciencia de Los Estados Unidos, la información sobre los tejidos cerebrales; ellos dicen : "Productos químicos comúnmente utilizados en pañales permiten muestras de cerebro de estar físicamente ampliada con agua, lo que permite a los investigadores ver detalles nanoescala.."
NSF, agrega "....Aunque la mayoría de los esfuerzos para comprender el enfoque cerebral en las nuevas tecnologías para magnificar pequeñas características anatómicas, los ingenieros del Centro con sede en el MIT Center for Brains, Minds and Machines han encontrado una manera de hacer que el cerebro físicamente más grande...."
NSF, añade: "La técnica, que los investigadores llaman microscopía expansión, utiliza un polímero expandible y agua para engrosar el tejido cerebral a eso de las cuatro y media veces su tamaño normal, por lo que las estructuras a nanoescala vez borrosas aparecen nítidas con un microscopio confocal ordinaria....

More information:
Chemicals commonly used in diapers enable brain samples to be physically enlarged with water, allowing researchers to see nanoscale details

Images of a mouse brain segment enlarged
Expansion microscopy enables researchers to resolve details down to about 70 nanometers.
Credit and Larger Version
January 15, 2015
While most efforts to understand the brain focus on new technologies to magnify small anatomical features, engineers at the MIT-based Center for Brains, Minds and Machines have found a way to make brains physically bigger.
The technique, which the researchers call expansion microscopy, uses an expandable polymer and water to swell brain tissue to about four and a half times its usual size, so that nanoscale structures once blurry appear sharp with an ordinary confocal microscope.
Expansion microscopy enables researchers to resolve details down to about 70 nanometers, while 300 nanometers was the previous limit with a conventional microscope.
Development of the novel process, which is detailed in the Jan. 15 issue of Science, was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), including support via an NSF early faculty career development award and an NSF graduate research fellowship.
The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines is an NSF science and technology center funded in 2013 as part of NSF's continuing support for the advancement of fundamental brain research.
"This clever technique, which bypasses the limitations of traditional techniques for brain imaging, has the potential to be a powerful new tool to help researchers map and understand the brain," said Pramod Khargonekar, NSF assistant director for the Engineering Directorate, which supports an array of neuroengineering projects. "It just goes to show that significant steps forward in science can emerge from unexpected and wonderful ideas."
The new method is another advance in brain imaging that brings researchers closer to illuminating the entire brain and nervous system, one of today's greatest engineering challenges.
The engineers who developed the technique, Fei Chen, Paul Tillberg and Edward Boyden at MIT, assert it offers the ability to image large, intact, 3-D brain structures with nanoscale precision for the first time.
"Expansion microscopy may provide a key tool for comprehensive, precise, circuit-wide, brain mapping," Boyden said. The team has demonstrated the process on mouse, fruit fly and zebrafish brains and is working with another team to apply it to human tissue.
Boyden adds that the process may be useful beyond the brain to other parts of the body. Many types of biological processes involve nanoscale interactions across large systems, such as cancer metastasis and immunological responses.
To learn more about NSF-supported brain research and the BRAIN Initiative, visit NSF's Understanding the Brain webpage.
-NSF-

Media Contacts Sarah Bates, NSF, (703) 292-7738, sabates@nsf.gov
Lily Whiteman, NSF, (703) 292-8070, lwhitema@nsf.gov

Related WebsitesNSF Understanding the Brain:
 http://www.nsf.gov/brain
Brain power: Bright ideas and smart tools for neuroengineering:
www.nsf.gov/brainpower
http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/enlarged-brain-samples-easier-to-image-0115:
MIT team enlarges brain samples, making them easier to image


The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2014, its budget is $7.2 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
 Get News Updates by Email 
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page:
http://www.nsf.gov
NSF News:
http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media:
http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics:
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/
Awards Searches:
 http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/
Mouse brain tissue in 3-D
Illuminating the entire brain and nervous system one of the greatest engineering challenges.
Credit and Larger Version
Dendrites in a mouse brain
Expanded samples imaged in three dimensions.
Credit and Larger Version
Dendrites in a mouse brain
New imaging techniques have the potential to help researchers map the brain.
Credit and Larger Version
blurred and shapr images of a mouse brain slice as seen through a microscope
Nanoscale structures once blurry (left) appear sharp (right) with an ordinary microscope.
Credit and Larger Version
cover of journal Science jan 16 2015
The researchers' findings are described in the Jan. 16, 2015 issue of the journal Science.
Credit and Larger Version
microscopic image of a mouse brain tissue
View Video
Expansion Microscopy brings the brain in 3-D into focus.
Credit and Larger Version


The National Science Foundation (NSF)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

lunes, 18 de agosto de 2014

nsf.gov - National Science Foundation - NSF awards $10.8 million in early concept grants for brain research


36 new awards as part of NSF’s support for The BRAIN Initiative and potentially transformative insights into understanding the brain

Color image of the nerve cells in the brain of a songbird
New neurotechnologies can help researchers answer fundamental questions about how the brain works.
Credit and Larger Version
August 18, 2014
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded 36 Early Concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) to enable new technologies to better understand how complex behaviors emerge from the activity of brain circuits.
These awards will contribute to NSF's growing portfolio of investments in support of President Obama's BRAIN Initiative, a multi-agency research effort that seeks to accelerate the development of new neurotechnologies that promise to help researchers answer fundamental questions about how the brain works.
Each NSF EAGER award is for $300,000 over a two-year period. The researchers receiving the awards, many first-time NSF grantees, will develop a range of conceptual and physical tools, from real-time whole brain imaging, to new theories of neural networks, to next-generation optogenetics.
Most of the awarded projects involve interdisciplinary teams of investigators; these 36 awards will support 76 researchers with expertise that spans nearly all scientific and engineering fields of study represented at NSF. Three of the projects involve international collaborations.
"Progress towards the goals of The BRAIN Initiative and our comprehension of the brain and behavior requires that scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines work together," said NSF Director France Córdova. "NSF is proud to invest in collaborative, fundamental projects that incubate innovative ideas in this exciting area of inquiry."
 
Catching the brain in action
In March, NSF asked researchers to submit ideas for early-stage, potentially ground-breaking new approaches to reveal how neuronal processes in the brain lead to complex behaviors in any organism. NSF reviewed the summaries and invited full proposals from applicants whose ideas best aligned with the outlined research topics. Five of NSF's scientific directorates were involved in funding the final selections.
EAGER awards, a funding mechanism within NSF's merit review system, are intended for short-term, proof-of-concept projects with high-payoff prospects.
"These new awards are a key element in NSF's overall, strategic efforts to support investigations into how the brain functions, in action and in context," said John Wingfield, NSF's assistant director for the Biological Sciences Directorate, which led the call for proposals.
"The research community is well-poised to tackle the challenges associated with understanding neural circuitry," Wingfield said. "With NSF's support, we expect these investments to lead to significant steps toward inventive new tools and technologies aimed at catching the brain in action."
These EAGER awards cap off numerous NSF-supported, BRAIN-related activities in fiscal year 2014. These activities include a series of workshops sponsored by multiple scientific directorates, the new MIT-based Science and Technology Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, and ongoing awards from core programs across the foundation.
Visit NSF.gov/brain for more information about NSF's support for The BRAIN Initiative.
The full list of primary investigators who will receive EAGER awards follows.
Florin Albeanu, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Dora Angelaki, Baylor College of Medicine
Brenda Bloodgood, University of California, San Diego
Davide Comoletti, Rutgers
Stephen Cowen, University of Arizona
Steven Finkbeiner, University of California, San Francisco
Martha Gillette, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Ehud Isacoff, University of California, Berkeley
Hiro Matsunami, Duke University
Karen Mesce, University of Minnesota
Ethan Minot, Oregon State University
Partha Mitra, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Mala Murthy, Princeton University
Carey Priebe, Johns Hopkins University
Todd Roberts, University of Texas, Southwestern
Aravi Samuel, Harvard University
Spencer Smith, University of North Carolina
Fidel Santamaria, University of Texas, San Antonio
Mriganka Sur, MIT
Martin Usrey, University of California, Davis
Matt Wachowiak, University of Utah
Edo Waks, University of Maryland
Donna Webb, Vanderbilt University
Ian Wickersham, MIT
Karen Zito, University of California, Davis
Directorate for Engineering
Stephen Boppart, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Bin He, University of Minnesota
Ute Hochgeschwender, Duke University
Nancy X. Xu, Old Dominion University
Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering
Katherine Heller, Duke University
Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences
Andrea Chiba, University of California, San Diego
Catherine Stamoulis, Harvard Medical School
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
William Bialek, Princeton University
David Kleinfeld, University of California, San Diego
Scott Laughlin, Stony Brook University
Charles Stevens, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
-NSF-

Media Contacts Sarah Bates, NSF, (703) 292-7738, sabates@nsf.gov
Lily Whiteman, NSF, (703) 292-8070, lwhitema@nsf.gov

Related WebsitesUnderstanding the Brain website:
 http://www.nsf.gov/brain
NSF BRAIN Initiative YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/user/NSFbraininitiative
White House BRAIN Fact Sheet:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/04/02/fact-sheet-brain-initiative
NIH BRAIN website:
 http://www.nih.gov/science/brain/


The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2014, its budget is $7.2 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
 Get News Updates by Email 
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page:
 http://www.nsf.gov
NSF News:
http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media:
 http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics:
 http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/
Awards Searches:
http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/

The National Science Foundation (NSF)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

viernes, 4 de abril de 2014

nsf.gov - National Science Foundation - New Understanding the Brain website features funding opportunities, research areas

Visitors can find brain-related information from across the agency in one place
Image of fruit fly brain with nerve cells.
NSF aims to enable scientific understanding of the full complexity of the brain.
Credit and Larger Version
April 2, 2014
On the first anniversary of President Obama's BRAIN Initiative announcement, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has launched a new portal at NSF.gov/brain dedicated to the agency's brain research-related funding opportunities and news.
"NSF-supported researchers explore the brain from all angles--from atoms to thoughts and behavior--resulting in some of the greatest neuroscience breakthroughs in our lifetime," said NSF Deputy Director Cora Marrett. "While NSF is committed to supporting brain research across disciplines and scales, we are equally committed to effective communication of these efforts and opportunities."
NSF funds potentially transformative, fundamental brain research across all areas of science and engineering. The Understanding the Brain portal allows visitors to find NSF brain-related information in one place.
The website also includes NSF's specific thematic research areas for the BRAIN (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative, the latest funding and event announcements and a list of core programs that support neuroscience research, as well as public-facing articles and videos about new findings.
-NSF-
Media Contacts Sarah Bates, NSF, (703) 292-7738, sabates@nsf.gov
Lily Whiteman, NSF, (703) 292-8070, lwhitema@nsf.gov
Related WebsitesUnderstanding the Brain homepage: http://www.nsf.gov/brain
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2014, its budget is $7.2 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page:
http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media:
 http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics:
 
The National Science Foundation (NSF)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

jueves, 3 de abril de 2014

nsf.gov - National Science Foundation - Understanding the Brain

New techniques reveal the brain’s complexity.
Credit: Deisseroth Lab

People control flying robots with brain-machine interface technology.
Credit: University of Minnesota
New techniques reveal the brain’s complexity.
Credit: Deisseroth Lab
Understanding the Brain NSF's goal is to enable scientific understanding of the full complexity of the brain, in action and in context, through targeted, cross-disciplinary investments in research, technology, and workforce development. Understanding the Brain activities promise innovative and integrated solutions to challenges in our ability to predict how collective interactions between brain function and our physical and social environment enable complex behavior. NSF's strategic investments will support research and infrastructure designed to transform our view of who we are and how we relate to and interact with each other and our ever-changing environment.

BRAIN: Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies

The BRAIN Initiative extends beyond the mapping of the brain and bridges the scales that span from atoms to thoughts and behavior, linking what is known about single cells and subcellular activities in the brain to whole brain function leading to complex behavior. This initiative holds great promise for addressing fundamental neurobiological questions about healthy brain function, laying the groundwork for advancing treatments for nervous system disorders or traumatic brain injury, and for generating brain-inspired "smart" technologies to meet future societal needs.
NSF is uniquely positioned to foster BRAIN Initiative research by bringing together a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines, and empowering these national and international communities whose members are poised to cooperatively pursue and reveal the fundamental principles and processes underlying memories, thoughts and complex behaviors.

BRAIN Thematic Areas

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The National Science Foundation (NSF)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!

lunes, 9 de septiembre de 2013

nsf.gov - New center to better understand human intelligence, build smarter machines

 
New center to better understand human intelligence, build smarter machines
NSF awards $25 million to MIT-based center to advance brain understanding
 
Illustration of computer and brain parts
Significant obstacles remain before the gap between brain and machine can be bridged.
Credit and Larger Version
September 9, 2013
Siri and Watson may seem brainy in certain situations, but to build truly smart, world-changing machines, researchers must understand how human intelligence emerges from brain activity.
Such an awesome challenge requires that scientists and engineers across key fields work together to learn how the brain performs complex computations, from social interactions to visual recognition. The hope is that through building intelligent machines, we can better understand ourselves.
To help encourage progress in this field, the National Science Foundation (NSF) recently awarded $25 million to establish a Center for Brains, Minds and Machines at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The center is one of three new research centers funded this year through NSF's Science and Technology Centers: Integrative Partnerships program.
"NSF is pleased to support a cohort of exceptionally strong center proposals in Fiscal Year 2013 that scientifically 'top the charts' in terms of their timeliness and their potential contribution to U.S. competitiveness," said Wanda Ward, NSF's office head of the Office of International and Integrative Activities, which oversees the program. "These new leading-edge centers will produce the next generation of diverse, globally engaged talent and have the potential to attract more Nobel Prize-caliber researchers."
The MIT center will also play a key role in the new BRAIN Initiative, an effort by federal agencies and private partners to support and coordinate research to understand how the brain works.
A computer that learns like you
Recent advances in areas ranging from artificial intelligence to neurotechnology present new opportunities for an integrated effort to produce major breakthroughs in fundamental knowledge. For example, some digital computers can now rival the raw processing power and memory of the human brain. New tools allow researchers to switch individual brain cells "on" and "off" to affect behavior. Yet, a three-year-old child can identify a door knob better than an intelligent machine can. Significant obstacles clearly remain before the gap between brain and machine can be bridged.
"Understanding the brain is one of the grand scientific challenges at the intersection of the physical, life, behavioral and engineering sciences," said John Wingfield, assistant director of NSF's Biological Sciences Directorate. "Despite major research and technological advances achieved in recent decades, a comprehensive understanding of the brain--how thoughts, memories and intelligent behavior emerge from dynamic brain activity--remains unexplained."
Human intelligence has many aspects--including an ability to understand people and surroundings by using vision and language--so the researchers will take a multi-faceted approach. Recent work in artificial intelligence has focused in part on improvements in modeling human vision and social interaction, producing self-driving cars and the verbally quick Watson, for example.
Intelligence is interdisciplinary
Work at the new MIT center will cross disciplines to build more human-like machines, with the goal of establishing a theory of intelligence.
The five-year award will enable the center's researchers to benefit from the expertise of neuroscientists, engineers, mathematicians and computational scientists through a global network of academic, industrial and technological partnerships. Tomaso Poggio, the Eugene McDermott Professor at the Department of Brain Sciences at MIT, is the principal investigator for the project.
The award will also help train the next generation of scientists and engineers. A summer school program, technical workshops and online courses are planned to create a new community of interdisciplinary researchers fluent in the study of intelligence.
"Investments such as this in collaborative, fundamental science projects will ultimately lead to discoveries that revolutionize our understanding of the brain, which is the goal of the new BRAIN Initiative," Wingfield said. "Progress in this area holds enormous potential to improve our educational, economic, health and social institutions."
The center's other principal investigators include Haym Hirsh, Dean of the Faculty of Computing and Information Science and Professor of Computer Science and Information Science at Cornell University; Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan, Lola England de Valpine Professor of Applied Mathematics at Harvard University and Matthew Wilson, Sherman Fairchild Professor of Neuroscience and Picower Scholar at MIT.
The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines will partner with the following institutions and organizations.
Academic institutions
  • California Institute of Technology
  • Cornell University
  • Harvard University
  • MIT
  • Rockefeller University
  • Stanford University
  • University of California, Los Angeles
  • Howard University
  • Hunter College
  • Universidad Central del Caribe, Puerto Rico
  • University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras
  • Wellesley College
International partnerships
  • City University, Hong Kong
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  • Italian Institute of Technology
  • Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen
  • National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
  • University of Genoa
  • Weizmann Institute of Science
-NSF-
Media Contacts Sarah Bates, NSF (703) 292-7738 sabates@nsf.gov
Lisa-Joy Zgorski, NSF (703) 292-8311 lzgorski@nsf.gov
Kimberly Allen, MIT News Office (617) 253-2702 allenkc@MIT.edu
Related WebsitesThe Center for Brains, Minds and Machines:
http://cbmm.mit.edu/
Prying Open the Black Box of the Brain:
 http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=128239
Artificial-intelligence research revives its old ambitions:
 http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/center-for-brains-minds-and-machines-0909.html
Understanding the brain: the National Science Foundation and the BRAIN Initiative fact sheet:
 http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=128960&org=NSF&from=news
Award Abstract #1231216: A Center for Brains, Minds and Machines: the Science and the Technology of Intelligence:
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget was $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page:
 http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media:
http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics:
The National Science Foundation (NSF)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

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