ESA : Supernova aftermath .- Supernova después de las consecuencias .- The evolution of SN 1987A .- En el final de una supernova

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2017/02/The_evolution_of_SN_1987A
http://www.esa.int/esl/ESA_in_your_country/Spain/En_el_final_de_una_supernova

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• Title The evolution of SN 1987A
• Released 27/02/2017 9:00 am
• Copyright NASA, ESA and R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation) and P. Challis (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
• Description
  Thirty years ago, on 23 February 1987, the light from a stellar explosion marking the death of a massive star arrived at Earth to shine in Southern Hemisphere skies.
  Located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, SN 1987A was the closest observed supernova to Earth since the invention of the telescope. Studying it for the last 30 years has revolutionised our understanding of the explosive death of massive stars.
  In operation since 1990, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has observed the supernova remnant many times, as highlighted in this montage. The images show its evolution between 1994 and 2016, and highlight the main ring that blazes around the exploded star.
  A new wide-field image was also taken by Hubble in January 2017 to mark the 30 year anniversary.
  By observing the expanding remnant material over the years, Hubble has helped to show that the material within the ring was likely ejected 20 000 years before the actual explosion took place.
  The initial burst of light from the supernova initially illuminated the rings. They slowly faded over the first decade after the explosion, until a fast-moving shell of gas ejected during the supernova slammed into the central ring, sending a powerful shockwave through the gas, heating it to searing temperatures and generating strong X-ray emission.
  This caused clumps of denser gas within the ring to light up like a string of pearls, seen as the increasing number of bright spots, which are now fading again.
  As the shock wave continues to move through the shells ejected by the dying star in its final throes of life, who knows what new details will be revealed?
• Id 373834

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     VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL :                           

The evolution of SN 1987A

En el final de una supernova

27 febrero 2017

El 23 de febrero de 1987, los cielos del hemisferio sur de la Tierra se iluminaron con la luz de una explosión estelar, que marcaba la muerte de una estrella masiva.

Situada en la Gran Nube de Magallanes, una galaxia satélite de la Vía Láctea, SN 1987A es la supernova más cercana a la Tierra observada desde la invención del telescopio. Su estudio a lo largo de estos últimos 30 años ha revolucionado nuestra comprensión de la muerte de estas estrellas masivas.

Como puede apreciarse en este montaje, el telescopio espacial Hubble de la NASA/ESA, en funcionamiento desde 1990, ha observado los restos de la supernova en numerosas ocasiones. Las imágenes muestran su evolución entre 1994 y 2016, destacando el anillo principal que brilla alrededor del remanente. a vuelo

Además, en enero de 2017, Hubble tomó una  nueva imagen de gran angular para celebrar su 30.º aniversario.

Al observar la expansión de los restos de esta supernova a lo largo de estos años, Hubble ha contribuido a mostrar que el material del interior del anillo probablemente se expulsara 20.000 años antes de que se produjera la explosión.

La emisión inicial de luz desde la supernova fue lo que en principio iluminó los anillos, atenuándose a lo largo de la primera década tras la explosión, hasta que una veloz nube de gas proyectada durante la supernova chocó con el anillo central, enviando una potente onda a través del gas que lo calentó a altísimas temperaturas y generó una fuerte emisión de rayos X.

Esto provocó que los cúmulos de gas más denso en el interior del anillo se fueran iluminando como una cadena de perlas, algo apreciable en el número creciente de puntos brillantes que, ahora, se están volviendo a apagar.

¿Quién sabe qué nuevos detalles descubriremos a medida que la onda de choque siga atravesando las capas eyectadas por esta estrella en las postrimerías de su vida?

ESA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

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NASA : Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission Marks Ten Years of Discovery.- La Misión Swift Gamma-Ray Burst marca 10 años de descubrimientos

Hola amigos: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE  EL BLOG., hemos recibido de la Agencia Espacial NASA, la información del satélite llamado : "NASA's Swift spacecraft " que viajó a bordo del cohete Boing Delta II, que fue lanzado desde la Base Espacial Cabo Cañaveral el 20 de noviembre del 2004, cuya misión fue identificar el origen y estallido de los Rayos Gamma, que se observan como explosiones luminosas en el Cosmos; su origen se cree que se produce cuando una estrella se queda sin su combustible nuclear y colapsa bajo su propio peso; y forma lo que conocemos como los Agujeros Negros, que impulsa chorros de partículas de la estrella en colapso y estallan en el espacio casi a la velocidad de la luz.

NASA... nos dice .."El 20 de noviembre de 2004, la nave espacial Swift de la NASA despegó a bordo de un cohete Boeing Delta II desde Cabo Cañaveral, Florida., Comenzando su misión de estudiar los estallidos de rayos gamma e identificar su origen. Estallidos de rayos gamma son las explosiones más luminosas en el cosmos. La mayoría se cree que se activará cuando el núcleo de una estrella masiva se queda sin combustible nuclear, se colapsa bajo su propio peso, y forma un agujero negro. El agujero negro luego impulsa chorros de partículas que perforan todo el camino a través de la estrella en colapso y estallan al espacio a casi la velocidad de la luz..............."

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Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission Marks Ten Years of Discovery

On Nov. 20, 2004, NASA's Swift spacecraft lifted off aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla., beginning its mission to study gamma-ray bursts and identify their origins. Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the cosmos. Most are thought to be triggered when the core of a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel, collapses under its own weight, and forms a black hole. The black hole then drives jets of particles that drill all the way through the collapsing star and erupt into space at nearly the speed of light.

Astronomers at NASA and Pennsylvania State University used Swift to create the most detailed ultraviolet light surveys ever of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the two closest major galaxies. Nearly a million ultraviolet sources appear in this mosaic of the Large Magellanic Cloud, which was assembled from 2,200 images taken by Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) and released on June 3, 2013. The 160-megapixel image required a cumulative exposure of 5.4 days. The image includes light from 1,600 to 3,300 angstroms -- UV wavelengths largely blocked by Earth's atmosphere -- and has an angular resolution of 2.5 arcseconds at full size. The Large Magellanic Cloud is about 14,000 light-years across.

Viewing in the ultraviolet allows astronomers to suppress the light of normal stars like the sun, which are not very bright at such higher energies, and provides a clearer picture of the hottest stars and star-formation regions. No telescope other than UVOT can produce such high-resolution wide-field multicolor surveys in the ultraviolet.

Pennsylvania State University manages the Swift Mission Operations Center, which controls Swift's science and flight operations. Goddard manages Swift, which was launched in November 2004. The satellite is operated in collaboration with Penn State, the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and Orbital Sciences Corp. in Dulles, Va. International collaborators are in the United Kingdom and Italy, and the mission includes contributions from Germany and Japan.

Image Credit: NASA/Swift/S. Immler (Goddard) and M. Siegel (Penn State)

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

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NASA : Hubble Sees Turquoise-Tinted Plumes in Large Magellanic Cloud.- Telescopio Hubble, ve a la Gran Nube de Magallanes

Hola amigos:  A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., la Agencia Espacial NASA, nos hace llegar una espectacular vista de la Nube de Magallanes, captada por el Telescopio Espacial Hubble, y para explicar la visión nos dice..."Las plumas brillantes brillantes vistos en esta imagen son una reminiscencia de una escena bajo el agua, con las corrientes de color turquesa con tinte y hebras nebulosos que alcanzan hacia fuera en el entorno.......

Sin embargo, esto no es un océano. Esta imagen muestra realmente parte de la Gran Nube de Magallanes (LMC), una pequeña galaxia cercana que orbita nuestra galaxia, la Vía Láctea, y aparece como una mancha borrosa en nuestros cielos. La NASA / Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) del Telescopio Espacial Hubble han visitado  muchas veces en esta galaxia, la liberación de impresionantes imágenes de las nubes arremolinadas de gas y estrellas brillantes........"

Hubble Sees Turquoise-Tinted Plumes in Large Magellanic Cloud

The brightly glowing plumes seen in this image are reminiscent of an underwater scene, with turquoise-tinted currents and nebulous strands reaching out into the surroundings.

However, this is no ocean. This image actually shows part of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a small nearby galaxy that orbits our galaxy, the Milky Way, and appears as a blurred blob in our skies. The NASA/European Space Agency (ESA) Hubble Space Telescope has peeked many times into this galaxy, releasing stunning images of the whirling clouds of gas and sparkling stars (opo9944a, heic1301, potw1408a).

This image shows part of the Tarantula Nebula's outskirts. This famously beautiful nebula, located within the LMC, is a frequent target for Hubble (heic1206, heic1402). 

In most images of the LMC the color is completely different to that seen here. This is because, in this new image, a different set of filters was used. The customary R filter, which selects the red light, was replaced by a filter letting through the near-infrared light. In traditional images, the hydrogen gas appears pink because it shines most brightly in the red. Here however, other less prominent emission lines dominate in the blue and green filters.

This data is part of the Archival Pure Parallel Project (APPP), a project that gathered together and processed over 1,000 images taken using Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, obtained in parallel with other Hubble instruments. Much of the data in the project could be used to study a wide range of astronomical topics, including gravitational lensing and cosmic shear, exploring distant star-forming galaxies, supplementing observations in other wavelength ranges with optical data, and examining star populations from stellar heavyweights all the way down to solar-mass stars.

Image Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA: acknowledgement: Josh Barrington
Text: European Space Agency

NASA

Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

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Astronomy: Hubble's 22nd Anniversary Image Shows Turbulent Star-Making Region

Hi My Friends: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG., The new image comprises one of the largest mosaics ever assembled from Hubble photos and includes observations taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys. NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore released the image today in celebration of Hubble's 22nd anniversary.The image comprises one of the largest mosaics ever assembled from Hubble photos and includes observations taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys. Hubble made the observations in October 2011. NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute are releasing the image to celebrate Hubble's 22nd anniversary. Credit: NASA, ESA, D. Lennon and E. Sabbi (ESA/STScI), J. Anderson, S. E. de Mink, R. van der Marel, T. Sohn, and N. Walborn (STScI), N. Bastian (Excellence Cluster, Munich), L. Bedin (INAF, Padua), E. Bressert (ESO), P. Crowther (University of Sheffield), A. de Koter (University of Amsterdam), C. Evans (UKATC/STFC, Edinburgh), A. Herrero (IAC, Tenerife), N. Langer (AifA, Bonn), I. Platais (JHU), and H. Sana (University of Amsterdam) .

Several million young stars are vying for attention in a new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image of a raucous stellar breeding ground in 30 Doradus, a star-forming complex located in the heart of the Tarantula nebula.
The new image comprises one of the largest mosaics ever assembled from Hubble photos and includes observations taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys. NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore released the image today in celebration of Hubble's 22nd anniversary.
"Hubble is the world's premiere science instrument for making celestial observations, which allow us to unravel the mysteries of the universe," said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington and three-time Hubble repair astronaut. "In recognition of Hubble's 22nd birthday, the new image of the 30 Doradus region, the birth place for new stars, is more than a fitting anniversary image".
30 Doradus is the brightest star-forming region in our galactic neighborhood and home to the most massive stars ever seen. The nebula is 170,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. No known star-forming region in our galaxy is as large or as prolific as 30 Doradus.
Collectively, the stars in the image are millions of times more massive than our sun. The image is roughly 650 light-years across and contains some rambunctious stars, including one of the fastest rotating stars and the highest velocity stars ever observed by astronomers.
The nebula is close enough to Earth that Hubble can resolve individual stars, giving astronomers important information about the stars' birth and evolution. Many small galaxies have more spectacular starbursts, but the Large Magellanic Cloud's 30 Doradus is one of the only star-forming regions that astronomers can study in detail. The star-birthing frenzy in 30 Doradus may be fueled partly by its close proximity to its companion galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud.
The image reveals the stages of star birth, from embryonic stars a few thousand years old and still wrapped in cocoons of dark gas, to behemoths that die young in supernova explosions. 30 Doradus churns out stars at a furious pace over millions of years. Hubble shows star clusters of various ages, from about 2 million to 25 million years old.
The region's sparkling centerpiece is a giant, young star cluster named NGC 2070, only 2 million to 3 million years old. Its stellar inhabitants number roughly 500,000. The cluster is a hotbed for young, massive stars. Its dense core, known as R136, is packed with some of the heftiest stars found in the nearby universe, weighing more than 100 times the mass of our sun.
The massive stars are carving deep cavities in the surrounding material by unleashing a torrent of ultraviolet light, which is winnowing away the enveloping hydrogen gas cloud in which the stars were born. The image reveals a fantastic landscape of pillars, ridges and valleys. Besides sculpting the gaseous terrain, the brilliant stars may be triggering a successive generation of offspring. When the ultraviolet radiation hits dense walls of gas, it creates shocks, which may generate a new wave of star birth.
The image was made using 30 separate fields, 15 from each camera. Both cameras made these observations simultaneously in October 2011. The colors in the image represent the hot gas that dominates regions of the image. Red signifies hydrogen gas and blue represents oxygen.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., manages the telescope. STScI conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., in Washington.
Related Links:
› Hubblesite.org
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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ASTRONOMY: New Supernova Remnant Lights Up

Hi my Friends: A VUELO DE UN QUINDE EL BLOG.,NASA ANNOUNCES THE NEW DISCOVERY OF NEW UNA SUPERNOVA, NAMED SUPERNOVA 1987A. New Supernova Remnant Lights Up
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers are witnessing the unprecedented transition of a supernova to a supernova remnant, where light from an exploding star in a neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud, reached Earth in February 1987. Named Supernova 1987A, it was the closest supernova explosion witnessed in almost 400 years. The supernova's close proximity to Earth allows astronomers to study it in detail as it evolves. Now, the supernova debris, which has faded over the years, is brightening. This means that a different power source has begun to light the debris. The debris of SN 1987A is beginning to impact the surrounding ring, creating powerful shock waves that generate X-rays observed with NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Those X-rays are illuminating the supernova debris and shock heating is making it glow in visible light. Since its launch in 1990, the Hubble telescope has provided a continuous record of the changes in SN 1987A.

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and P. Challis (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
Guillermo Gonzalo Sanchez Achutegui
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